The literature on responsive regulation argues that citizens should be involved in regulatory practices to avoid capture between regulator and regulatee. It also argues that including citizens can add an important perspective to regulatory practices. However, we know little about how citizens' perspectives are brought into regulatory practices. This paper draws on existing qualitative research to compare and analyze four cases of experimental participatory regulation in Dutch health care, focusing on the theoretical assumptions that citizen involvement (a) prevents capture, and (b) stimulates the inclusion of new perspectives. Our results show that involving citizens in regulation can increase transparency and trust in regulatory practices and familiarizes regulators with other perspectives. It is, however, up to the regulator to work on deriving benefits from that involvement—not only the practical work of organizing participatory regulation, but also the conceptual work of reflecting on their own assumptions and standards. We do find evidence for weak forms of capture and argue for the need to extend capture to involve multiple actors. We reflect on these results for theory development and regulatory practice.

中文翻译：

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让公民参与监管：对荷兰医疗保健中参与性监管的四个实验案例的比较定性研究

有关响应式监管的文献认为，公民应该参与监管实践，以避免监管者与被监管者之间的夹击。它还认为，让公民参与可以为监管实践增添重要视角。然而，我们对如何将公民的观点纳入监管实践知之甚少。本文利用现有的定性研究来比较和分析荷兰医疗保健中实验性参与式监管的四个案例，重点关注以下理论假设：公民参与（a）防止捕获，（b）刺激新观点的纳入。我们的结果表明，让公民参与监管可以提高监管实践的透明度和信任度，并使监管机构熟悉其他观点。然而，监管者有责任从这种参与中获得利益——不仅是组织参与式监管的实际工作，而且是反思自己的假设和标准的概念性工作。我们确实找到了弱捕获形式的证据，并认为有必要将捕获扩展到涉及多个参与者。我们反思这些结果以用于理论发展和监管实践。