The literature on responsive regulation argues that citizens should be involved in regulatory practices to avoid capture between regulator and regulatee. It also argues that including citizens can add an important perspective to regulatory practices. However, we know little about how citizens' perspectives are brought into regulatory practices. This paper draws on existing qualitative research to compare and analyze four cases of experimental participatory regulation in Dutch health care, focusing on the theoretical assumptions that citizen involvement (a) prevents capture, and (b) stimulates the inclusion of new perspectives. Our results show that involving citizens in regulation can increase transparency and trust in regulatory practices and familiarizes regulators with other perspectives. It is, however, up to the regulator to work on deriving benefits from that involvement—not only the practical work of organizing participatory regulation, but also the conceptual work of reflecting on their own assumptions and standards. We do find evidence for weak forms of capture and argue for the need to extend capture to involve multiple actors. We reflect on these results for theory development and regulatory practice.

中文翻译：

---

让公民参与监管：荷兰医疗保健中参与式监管的四个实验主义案例的比较定性研究


关于响应式监管的文献认为，公民应该参与监管实践，以避免被监管机构和被监管者之间俘虏。它还认为，让公民参与进来可以为监管实践增加一个重要的视角。然而，我们对如何将公民的观点引入监管实践知之甚少。本文借鉴现有的定性研究来比较和分析荷兰医疗保健中实验性参与式监管的四个案例，重点关注公民参与 （a） 防止捕获和 （b） 刺激纳入新观点的理论假设。我们的结果表明，让公民参与监管可以提高监管实践的透明度和信任度，并使监管机构熟悉其他观点。然而，监管机构有责任努力从这种参与中获得好处——不仅是组织参与式监管的实际工作，还包括反思自己的假设和标准的概念工作。我们确实找到了薄弱捕获形式的证据，并主张需要将捕获扩展到涉及多个参与者。我们将这些结果用于理论发展和监管实践。