A digital-to-analog converter (DAC)-based polar transmitter (TX) is proposed for multicarrier signaling in wireline applications. The proposed TX achieves a 50-Gb/s total data rate with maximized spectral efficiency by using three parallel 5-GS/s DAC-based drivers and two orthogonal carriers of 5 and 10 GHz. The three DAC-based drivers operating with baseband (BB) four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) and mid-band (MB) and high-band (HB) 16-state complex modulation have 7-bit amplitude modulation along with an extra 2-bit predistortion (PD) to compensate for the driver nonlinearity. In addition, the MB and HB polar drivers have 7-bit phase modulation. Because the amplitude and phase modulations are performed independently in the polar drivers, the proposed TX can support arbitrary modulation formats such as QAM-16 or APSK-4 + 12 for MB and HB. For TX equalization, an eight-tap finite-impulse response (FIR) filtering is implemented in the digital domain using lookup tables (LUTs). The fabricated TX in 22-nm FinFET has 1.2-Vppd output swing and achieves 50-Gb/s data rate, bit error rate (BER) < 10-4, and 1.68-pJ/b energy efficiency with a channel having 21.5-dB loss at 12.5 GHz for both QAM-16 and APSK-4 + 12 modulations.

中文翻译：

---

使用 22 nm FinFET 中基于 DAC 的极性驱动器的 50 Gb/s 多载波发射器


提出了一种基于数模转换器 (DAC) 的极性发射器 (TX)，用于有线应用中的多载波信号传输。所提出的 TX 通过使用三个基于 5GS/s DAC 的并行驱动器以及两个 5 GHz 和 10 GHz 的正交载波，实现了 50 Gb/s 的总数据速率和最大化的频谱效率。三个基于 DAC 的驱动器采用基带 (BB) 四级脉冲幅度调制 (PAM-4) 以及中带 (MB) 和高带 (HB) 16 态复合调制，具有 7 位幅度调制以及额外的 2 位预失真 (PD) 来补偿驱动器的非线性。此外，MB 和 HB 极性驱动器具有 7 位相位调制。由于幅度和相位调制在极性驱动器中独立执行，因此所提出的 TX 可以支持任意调制格式，例如用于 MB 和 HB 的 QAM-16 或 APSK-4 + 12。对于 TX 均衡，使用查找表 (LUT) 在数字域中实现八抽头有限脉冲响应 (FIR) 滤波。采用 22 nm FinFET 制造的 TX 具有 1.2 Vppd 输出摆幅，并可实现 50 Gb/s 数据速率、误码率 (BER) < 10-4 以及 1.68 pJ/b 能效（通道具有 21.5 dB） QAM-16 和 APSK-4 + 12 调制在 12.5 GHz 时的损耗。