Orofacial symptoms are common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). They may present as a primary manifestation of the disease in the oral cavity with oral Crohn’s disease, or as a secondary manifestation of the disease such as iron deficiency, or due to side effects to medications used in treatment. Orofacial manifestations of IBD may result in significant morbidity which can impact patients’ quality of life. Systematic examination and a timely diagnosis are fundamental in initiating appropriate management. This article provides a guide for gastroenterologists to systematically perform an extraoral and intraoral examination of the orofacial region. The extraoral examination includes evaluation of lymph nodes, lips and perioral skin. Common extraoral features of IBD include lip swelling, lip fissuring, angular cheilitis, perioral erythema and cervicofacial lymphadenopathy. The intraoral examination involves a systematic inspection of all areas of the oral cavity. Intraoral IBD features include ulceration, cobblestoning of the buccal mucosa, gingival erythema and mucosal tags. Examining the orofacial region is important in the complete assessment of patients with IBD, to diagnose orofacial conditions, to initiate tailored treatments and to identify those patients who would benefit from input from oral medicine specialists.

中文翻译：

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炎症性肠病的口腔表现：检查指南


口面部症状在炎症性肠病（IBD）患者中很常见。它们可能是口腔克罗恩病口腔疾病的主要表现，也可能是缺铁等疾病的次要表现，或者是由于治疗中使用的药物的副作用所致。 IBD 的口面部表现可能导致严重的发病率，从而影响患者的生活质量。系统检查和及时诊断是启动适当管理的基础。本文为胃肠病学家系统地进行口面部区域的口外和口内检查提供了指南。口外检查包括评估淋巴结、嘴唇和口周皮肤。 IBD 常见的口外特征包括唇肿胀、唇裂、口角炎、口周红斑和颈面部淋巴结肿大。口内检查涉及对口腔所有区域的系统检查。口内 IBD 特征包括溃疡、颊粘膜鹅卵石样形成、牙龈红斑和粘膜标签。检查口面部区域对于全面评估 IBD 患者、诊断口面部状况、启动量身定制的治疗以及确定哪些患者将受益于口腔医学专家的意见非常重要。