The use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for drug delivery is being widely explored by scientists from several research fields. To fully exploit their therapeutic potential, multiple methods for loading EVs have been developed. Although exogenous methods have been extensively utilized, in recent years the endogenous method has gained significant attention. This approach, based on parental cell genetic engineering, is suitable for loading large therapeutic biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. We review the most commonly used EV loading methods and emphasize the inherent advantages of the endogenous method over the others. We also examine the most recent advances and applications of this innovative approach to inform on the diverse therapeutic opportunities that lie ahead in the field of EV-based therapies.

多个研究领域的科学家正在广泛探索利用细胞外囊泡（EV）进行药物递送。为了充分发挥其治疗潜力，人们开发了多种加载 EV 的方法。尽管外源方法已被广泛使用，但近年来内源方法受到了极大的关注。这种方法基于亲代细胞基因工程，适用于加载大的治疗生物分子，例如蛋白质和核酸。我们回顾了最常用的电动汽车加载方法，并强调内源方法相对于其他方法的固有优势。我们还研究了这种创新方法的最新进展和应用，以了解基于 EV 的治疗领域面临的多样化治疗机会。