In the world’s rapidly expanding economy, textile industries are recognized as a substantial contributor to economic growth, but they are one of the most significant polluting industrial sectors. Dye-contaminated water sources can pose serious public health concerns, including toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity among other adverse health effects. Despite a limited understanding of efficacious decolorization methodologies, the pursuit of a sustainable strategy for the treatment of a wide spectrum of dyes remains a formidable challenge. This article conducted an exhaustive review of extant literature pertaining to diverse physical, chemical, biological, and hybrid processes with the aim of ascertaining their efficacy. It also elucidates the advantages and disadvantages, cost considerations, as well as scalability impediments of the treatment methodologies, thereby facilitating the identification of optimal strategies for establishing techno-economically efficient processes in the sustainable handling of these effluents. The hybrid configuration exhibited superior efficiency and was documented to surmount the limitations and constraints inherent to individual techniques. The study also revealed that most of the proven and established dye removal techniques share a common limitation viz., the generation of secondary pollution (i.e., sludge generation, toxic intermediates, etc.) to the ecosystem.

中文翻译：

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含染料废水处理的可持续方法——严格审查

在世界快速发展的经济中，纺织工业被认为是经济增长的重要贡献者，但它们也是污染最严重的工业部门之一。受染料污染的水源可能会造成严重的公共卫生问题，包括毒性、致突变性和致癌性以及其他不良健康影响。尽管对有效脱色方法的了解有限，但寻求处理多种染料的可持续策略仍然是一个艰巨的挑战。本文对有关各种物理、化学、生物和混合过程的现有文献进行了详尽的回顾，旨在确定其功效。它还阐明了处理方法的优点和缺点、成本考虑因素以及可扩展性障碍，从而有助于确定在这些废水的可持续处理中建立技术经济有效的工艺的最佳策略。混合配置表现出卓越的效率，并被记录为克服了个别技术固有的限制和约束。研究还表明，大多数经过验证和成熟的染料去除技术都有一个共同的局限性，即对生态系统产生二次污染（即污泥产生、有毒中间体等）。