Employees with a chronic disease are confronted with health problems, pain, and a limited energy reserve, which may hinder their day-to-day functioning at work. In the current study, we use proactive motivation and job demands-resources (JD-R) theories to hypothesize that chronically ill individuals may optimize their own well-being and work performance by using proactive vitality management (PVM). In Study 1, we tested our hypotheses through multigroup comparative analyses among a mixed sample of both healthy and chronically ill employees who participated in a weekly, three-wave study (T1 = 399, age = 45.18 ( = 13.13), 48 % female). In Study 2, employees with a chronic liver disease were followed over the course of 2,5 years and filled out surveys at three points in time (T1 = 192, age = 48.73 ( = 10.75), 72 % female). Findings from both studies were in line with our hypotheses. More specifically, consistent with JD-R theory's health impairment hypothesis, results showed that exhaustion mediated the relation between PVM and (a) functional limitations and (b) absenteeism. Consistent with JD-R's motivational hypothesis, work engagement mediated the relation between PVM and (a) creative work performance and (b) absenteeism. In addition, results of moderated mediation analyses indicated that these indirect effects were stronger for chronically ill employees with more (vs. less) self-insight – i.e., a developed understanding of one's own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. These findings contribute to JD-R and proactive motivation theories and suggest that PVM is an important behavioral strategy that may protect chronically ill employees' occupational health and promote their performance, especially when combined with self-insight.

中文翻译：

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患有慢性健康状况：主动活力管理对职业健康和绩效的影响

患有慢性病的员工面临着健康问题、疼痛和有限的能量储备，这可能会阻碍他们的日常工作。在当前的研究中，我们使用主动动机和工作需求资源（JD-R）理论来假设慢性病患者可以通过主动活力管理（PVM）来优化自己的福祉和工作绩效。在研究 1 中，我们通过对参加每周三波研究的健康员工和慢性病员工的混合样本进行多组比较分析来检验我们的假设（T1 = 399，年龄 = 45.18 (= 13.13)，48% 女性） 。在研究 2 中，对患有慢性肝病的员工进行了为期 2.5 年的跟踪调查，并在三个时间点填写了调查（T1 = 192，年龄 = 48.73 (= 10.75)，72% 为女性）。两项研究的结果均符合我们的假设。更具体地说，与 JD-R 理论的健康损害假说一致，结果表明，疲惫介导了 PVM 与 (a) 功能限制和 (b) 缺勤之间的关系。与 JD-R 的动机假设一致，工作投入介导了 PVM 与 (a) 创造性工作绩效和 (b) 缺勤之间的关系。此外，有调节的中介分析的结果表明，对于具有更多（相对于更少）自我洞察力（即对自己的想法、感受和行为有深入了解）的慢性病员工来说，这些间接影响更强。这些发现有助于 JD-R 和主动激励理论，并表明 PVM 是一种重要的行为策略，可以保护患有慢性病的员工的职业健康并提高他们的绩效，特别是与自我洞察相结合时。