Linguistic categories can impact visual perception. For instance, learning that two objects have different names can enhance their discriminability. Previous studies have identified a typical pattern of categorical perception, characterized by faster discrimination of stimuli from different categories, a neural mismatch response during early visual processing (100–200 ms), and effects restricted to the right visual field. However, it remains unclear whether language affects perception online or through long‐term changes to mental representations in memory. To address this, we tested the impact of newly learned object categories with and without memory consolidation during sleep. We replicated the canonical pattern of categorical perception for categories that underwent consolidation. Without consolidation, linguistic categories still influenced early visual processing but with distinct neural dynamics. Therefore, we found evidence of both transient and long‐term effects of language on perception and conclude that memory consolidation plays a crucial role in shaping how linguistic categories modulate perception.

中文翻译：

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短暂和长期的语言对视觉感知的影响：通过记忆巩固改变大脑动态

语言类别会影响视觉感知。例如，了解两个物体具有不同的名称可以增强它们的可辨别性。先前的研究已经确定了分类感知的典型模式，其特征是更快地区分不同类别的刺激、早期视觉处理（100-200毫秒）期间的神经失配反应以及仅限于右视野的影响。然而，目前尚不清楚语言是否会影响在线感知，或者通过长期改变记忆中的心理表征。为了解决这个问题，我们测试了睡眠期间有或没有记忆巩固的情况下新学习的物体类别的影响。我们复制了经历整合的类别的分类感知的规范模式。如果没有巩固，语言类别仍然影响早期的视觉处理，但具有不同的神经动力学。因此，我们发现了语言对感知的短暂和长期影响的证据，并得出结论，记忆巩固在塑造语言类别如何调节感知方面发挥着至关重要的作用。