The striking success of the standard model in explaining precision data and, at the same time, its lack of explanations for various fundamental phenomena, such as dark matter and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, suggest new physics at an energy scale that greatly exceeds the electroweak scale. In the absence of a short-range–long-range conspiracy, the standard model can be viewed as the leading term of an effective “remnant” theory (referred to as the SMEFT) of a more fundamental structure. In recent years, many aspects of the SMEFT have been investigated, and it has become a standard tool for analyzing experimental results in an integral way. In this review, after a presentation of the salient features of the standard model, the construction of the SMEFT is reviewed. The range of its applicability and bounds on its coefficients imposed by general theoretical considerations are discussed. Since new-physics models are likely to exhibit exact or approximate accidental global symmetries, especially in the flavor sector, their implications for the SMEFT are also discussed. The main focus of the review is the phenomenological analysis of experimental results. How to use various effective field theories to study the phenomenology of theories beyond the standard model is explicitly shown. Descriptions of the matching procedure and the use of the renormalization group equations are given, allowing one to connect multiple effective theories that are valid at different energy scales. Explicit examples from low-energy experiments and from high-$p_T$ physics illustrate the workflow. Also commented upon are the nonlinear realization of electroweak symmetry breaking and its phenomenological implications.

中文翻译：

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工作中的标准模型有效场理论

标准模型在解释精确数据方面取得了惊人的成功，但同时它对暗物质和宇宙重子不对称性等各种基本现象缺乏解释，这表明新物理学的能量尺度远远超过了现有的物理模型。弱电规模。在不存在短期-长期阴谋的情况下，标准模型可以被视为更基本结构的有效“残余”理论（称为SMEFT）的主导术语。近年来，SMEFT 的许多方面都得到了研究，它已成为综合分析实验结果的标准工具。在本次回顾中，在介绍了标准模型的显着特征之后，回顾了SMEFT的构建。讨论了其适用范围以及一般理论考虑所施加的系数界限。由于新物理模型可能会表现出精确或近似的偶然全局对称性，特别是在风味领域，因此还讨论了它们对 SMEFT 的影响。综述的主要重点是实验结果的现象学分析。明确展示了如何利用各种有效的场论来研究标准模型之外的理论现象学。给出了匹配过程和重整化群方程的使用的描述，允许连接在不同能量尺度下有效的多个有效理论。来自低能实验和高能实验的明确例子$p_{\mathrm{时间}}$物理学说明了工作流程。还评论了电弱对称性破缺的非线性实现及其现象学含义。