Polymer materials have been extensively utilized in diverse separation fields, especially in membrane-based nanotechnologies for gas and liquid separations. The membrane separation has proven to be highly promising to address energy, resource, and environmental challenges. However, progress in polymer separation membranes has been constrained by its inherent limitation that is the trade-off relationship between permeability and selectivity. Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs), as promising building materials have received substantial attention for membranes separation over the last decade. Different from conventional polymers, PIMs are a new class of microporous polymer materials that possess favorable solubility, well-defined pore architectures, and steerable post-modification due to the designability of synthesis monomer at a molecular level. In this review, we first discuss the state of the art of PIMs-based separation membranes and highlight their critical merits for membrane design. We then describe rational strategies towards fabricating PIM-based membranes and their applications, with a focus on the recent advances in gas separation, pervaporation (PV), nanofiltration (NF) and organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN). Furthermore, the physical aging issue of PIMs and its advanced strategies are also discussed and summarized. Finally, a concise conclusion, current challenges, and future opportunities on the development of PIM-based membranes are additionally discussed.

中文翻译：

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用于基于膜的精确分离的固有微孔聚合物

聚合物材料已广泛应用于各种分离领域，特别是用于气体和液体分离的膜纳米技术。膜分离已被证明在解决能源、资源和环境挑战方面非常有前景。然而，聚合物分离膜的进展受到其固有的限制，即渗透性和选择性之间的权衡关系。固有微孔聚合物（PIM）作为有前途的建筑材料，在过去十年中受到膜分离领域的广泛关注。与传统聚合物不同，PIM是一类新型微孔聚合物材料，由于合成单体在分子水平上的可设计性，它具有良好的溶解性、明确的孔结构和可操纵的后改性能力。在这篇综述中，我们首先讨论基于 PIM 的分离膜的最新技术，并强调它们对于膜设计的关键优点。然后，我们描述了制造基于 PIM 的膜及其应用的合理策略，重点关注气体分离、渗透蒸发 (PV)、纳滤 (NF) 和有机溶剂纳滤 (OSN) 方面的最新进展。此外，还对PIMs的物理老化问题及其先进策略进行了讨论和总结。最后，还讨论了 PIM 膜发展的简明结论、当前挑战和未来机遇。