Aim The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of strabismus and nystagmus and to analyse associated factors in preterm and full-term infants in adulthood. Methods The Gutenberg Prematurity Eye Study is a retrospective cohort study with a prospective ophthalmological examination of participants born preterm and full-term (aged 18–52 years). Perinatal data were carefully assessed for risk factors and comprehensive ophthalmological examinations were conducted. The association between strabismus and nystagmus was assessed by analysing 16 different perinatal and actual risk factors in multivariable analysis. Participants were grouped into full-term controls (gestational age (GA) at birth ≥37 weeks), preterm participants without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and GA 33–36 weeks (group 2), GA 29–32 weeks (group 3), GA ≤28 weeks (group 4), non-treated ROP (group 5) and treated ROP (group 6). Results In total, 892 eyes of 450 preterm and full-term individuals (mean age: 28.6 years, SD: ± 8.6 years, 251 females) were included. Strabismus was observed in 2.1% (3/140), 6.6% (9/137), 17.4% (16/92), 11.1% (2/18), 27.1% (13/48) and 60% (9/15) of participants and nystagmus in 0.7% (1/140), 1.5% (2/137), 4.3% (4/92), 5.6% (1/18), 10.4% (5/48) and 26.7% (4/15) of participants in the respective groups. In the multivariable regression model, strabismus was associated with GA (OR=0.90; p=0.046), anisometropia ≥1.5 diopter (OR=3.87; p=0.003), hypermetropia ≥2 diopter (OR=9.89; p<0.001) and astigmatism ≥1.5 diopter (OR=2.73; p=0.017). Esotropia was more frequent than exotropia and hypermetropia/hypometropia. Most strabismus cases occurred within the first 10 years of life. The strongest predictor associated with nystagmus was perinatal adverse events (OR=15.8; p=0.002). Conclusion Low GA and refraction of the eye are independent risk factors for strabismus, which typically occurs in the first 10 years of life. Perinatal adverse events are the most important factors for the presence of nystagmus in adulthood. Data are available upon reasonable request. Access to data, responsibility and analysis: AF had full access to all the study data and takes responsibility for the data integrity and the accuracy of the data analysis. Statistical analyses were performed by AF. The analysis presents the clinical data of a cohort. This project constitutes a major scientific effort with high methodological standards and detailed guidelines for analysis and publication to ensure scientific analyses are on the highest level, therefore, data are not made available for the scientific community outside the established and controlled workflows and algorithms. To meet the general idea of verification and reproducibility of scientific findings, we offer access to data at the local database upon request at any time. Interested researchers should make their requests to the coordinating PI of the GPES (Achim Fieß; achim.fiess@unimedizin-mainz.de). More detailed contact information is available at the homepages of the UM (www.unimedizin-mainz.de).

中文翻译：

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早产儿伴或不伴早产儿视网膜病变的早产儿斜视患病率和危险因素：Gutenberg 早产儿眼研究的结果


目的 本研究的目的是评估斜视和眼球震颤的患病率，并分析成年期早产儿和足月儿的相关因素。方法 Gutenberg 早产儿眼科研究是一项回顾性队列研究，对早产儿和足月（18-52 岁）的参与者进行前瞻性眼科检查。仔细评估围产期数据中的危险因素，并进行全面的眼科检查。通过在多变量分析中分析 16 种不同的围产期和实际危险因素来评估斜视和眼球震颤之间的关联。参与者被分为足月对照 （出生胎龄 （GA） ≥37 周）、无早产儿视网膜病变 （ROP） 和 GA 33-36 周（第 2 组）、GA 29-32 周（第 3 组）、GA ≤28 周（第 4 组）、未治疗的 ROP（第 5 组）和治疗的 ROP（第 6 组）。结果 共纳入 450 例早产儿和足月个体 （平均年龄： 28.6 岁，SD： ± 8.6 岁，251 例女性） 的 892 只眼。2.1% （3/140）、6.6% （9/137）、17.4% （16/92）、11.1% （2/18）、27.1% （13/48） 和 60% （9/15） 的参与者观察到斜视，在相应组中 0.7% （1/140）、1.5% （2/137）、4.3% （4/92）、5.6% （1/18）、10.4% （5/48） 和 26.7% （4/15） 的参与者观察到眼球震颤。在多变量回归模型中，斜视与 GA （OR=0.90;p=0.046）、屈光参差 ≥1.5 屈光度 （OR=3.87;p=0.003）、远视 ≥ 2 屈光度 （OR=9.89;p<0.001） 和散光 ≥1.5 屈光度 （OR=2.73;p=0.017） 相关。内斜视比外斜视和远距/远视更常见。大多数斜视病例发生在出生后的前 10 年内。与眼球震颤相关的最强预测因子是围产期不良事件 （OR=15.8;p=0.002）。 结论 低 GA 和眼睛屈光是斜视的独立危险因素，斜视通常发生在出生后的前 10 年。围产期不良事件是成年期出现眼球震颤的最重要因素。数据可根据合理要求提供。访问数据、责任和分析：AF 对所有研究数据具有完全访问权限，并负责数据分析的数据完整性和准确性。AF 进行统计分析。该分析呈现了一个队列的临床数据。该项目是一项重大的科学工作，具有高方法标准和详细的分析和发布指南，以确保科学分析处于最高水平，因此，在已建立和受控的工作流程和算法之外，数据不会提供给科学界。为了满足科学结果的验证和可重复性的一般理念，我们随时应要求提供本地数据库中的数据访问权限。有兴趣的研究人员应向 GPES 的协调 PI （Achim Fieß;achim.fiess@unimedizin-mainz.de） 提出请求。更详细的联系信息可在 UM （www.unimedizin-mainz.de） 的主页上找到。