Climate change has been intensifying soil drying and rewetting cycles, which can alter the soil microbiome structure and activity. Here we hypothesized that a soil drying-rewetting cycle enhances biodegradation and, hence, decreases the effectiveness of nitrification inhibitors (NIs). The effectiveness of DMPP (3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate) and MP + TZ (3-Methylpyrazol and Triazol) was evaluated in 60-day incubation studies under a drying and rewetting cycle relative to constant low and high soil moisture conditions (40% and 80% water-holding capacity, WHC, respectively) in two different textured soils. The measurements included (i) daily and cumulative N₂O-N emissions, (ii) soil NH₄⁺-N and NO₃⁻-N concentrations, and (iii) the composition of bacterial soil communities. Application of DMPP and MP + TZ reduced the overall N₂O-N emissions under drying-rewetting (-45%), as well as under 40% WHC (-39%) and 80% WHC (-25%). DMPP retarded nitrification and decreased N₂O-N release from the sandy and silt loam soils, while MP + TZ mitigated N₂O-N production only from the silt loam soil. Unexpectedly, between days 30 and 60, N₂O-N emissions from NI-treated soils increased by up to fivefold relative to the No-NI treatment in the silt loam soil at 80% WHC. Likewise, the relative abundance of the studied nitrifying bacteria indicated that the NIs had only short-term effectiveness in the silt loam soil. These results suggested that DMPP and MP + TZ might trigger high N₂O-N release from fine-textured soil with constant high moisture after this short-term inhibitory effect. In conclusion, DMPP and MP + TZ effectively reduce N₂O-N emissions under soil drying and rewetting.

气候变化加剧了土壤干燥和再湿润循环，这可能会改变土壤微生物组的结构和活性。在这里，我们假设土壤干燥-再湿润循环会增强生物降解，从而降低硝化抑制剂（NI）的有效性。 DMPP（3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐）和 MP + TZ（3-甲基吡唑和三唑）的有效性在相对于恒定的低和高土壤湿度条件（40% 和两种不同质地的土壤中分别具有 80% 的持水能力（WHC）。测量内容包括(i)每日和累计N ₂ O-N排放量，(ii)土壤NH ₄ ⁺ -N和NO ₃ ⁻ -N浓度，以及(iii)土壤细菌群落的组成。 DMPP和MP + TZ的应用降低了干燥再润湿下的总体N ₂ O-N排放量(-45%)，以及低于40%WHC(-39%)和80%WHC(-25%)。 DMPP延缓了硝化作用并减少了沙质和粉质壤土中N ₂ O-N的释放，而MP + TZ仅减少了粉质壤土中N ₂ O-N的产生。出乎意料的是，在第 30 天和第 60 天之间，在 80% WHC 的粉质壤土中，经过 NI 处理的土壤中的N ₂ O-N 排放量相对于无 NI 处理的土壤增加了五倍之多。同样，所研究的硝化细菌的相对丰度表明，硝化细菌在淤泥壤土中仅具有短期有效性。这些结果表明，在这种短期抑制作用之后，DMPP和MP + TZ可能会引发持续高湿度的细质地土壤中高N ₂ O-N的释放。总之，DMPP和MP+TZ有效减少了土壤干燥和回湿条件下的N _{2 O-N排放。}