Tissue inflammation is a hallmark of tumour microenvironments. In the bone marrow, tumour-associated inflammation impacts normal niches for haematopoietic progenitor cells and mature immune cells and supports the outgrowth and survival of malignant cells residing in these niche compartments. This Review provides an overview of our current understanding of inflammatory changes in the bone marrow microenvironment of myeloid and lymphoid malignancies, using acute myeloid leukaemia and multiple myeloma as examples and highlights unique and shared features of inflammation in niches for progenitor cells and plasma cells. Importantly, inflammation exerts profoundly different effects on normal bone marrow niches in these malignancies, and we provide context for possible drivers of these divergent effects. We explore the role of tumour cells in inflammatory changes, as well as the role of cellular constituents of normal bone marrow niches, including myeloid cells and stromal cells. Integrating knowledge of disease-specific dynamics of malignancy-associated bone marrow inflammation will provide a necessary framework for future targeting of these processes to improve patient outcome.

组织炎症是肿瘤微环境的标志。在骨髓中，肿瘤相关炎症会影响造血祖细胞和成熟免疫细胞的正常微环境，并支持这些微环境中恶性细胞的生长和存活。本综述以急性髓系白血病和多发性骨髓瘤为例，概述了我们目前对髓系和淋巴系恶性肿瘤骨髓微环境炎症变化的理解，并强调了祖细胞和浆细胞微环境中炎症的独特和共同特征。重要的是，炎症对这些恶性肿瘤中的正常骨髓生态位产生截然不同的影响，我们为这些不同影响的可能驱动因素提供了背景。我们探索肿瘤细胞在炎症变化中的作用，以及正常骨髓微环境的细胞成分（包括骨髓细胞和基质细胞）的作用。整合与恶性肿瘤相关的骨髓炎症的疾病特异性动态知识将为未来针对这些过程改善患者预后提供必要的框架。