The participation of women in armed insurgencies calls into question a widespread belief that women are inherently more peace loving than men on account of their hard-wired caring disposition. To explain why women engage in political violence, existing research either ignores the fundamental collective action problem involved because of motivations focused on the value of the cause, or looks for selective incentives in the form of loot and appropriation, which often cannot be found. This paper offers a simple gendered model of the supply of violence that can account for both peaceful and violent choices and make sense of the apparent extremism of some choices as rational, not fanatical behaviour. Crucially, it regards the individual reward for violence as not material gain, but the possibility of women of breaking out of the cage of traditional gender roles and making a statement by their deeds, thereby joining a cult of heroes and martyrs. For evidence, we turn to the extraordinary involvement of women in the Russian revolutionary movement leading up to the 1917 revolution.

中文翻译：

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妇女、政治暴力和经济

妇女参与武装叛乱引发了人们普遍认为妇女天生比男人更热爱和平，因为她们具有天生的关爱性格。为了解释女性参与政治暴力的原因，现有的研究要么因为关注目标价值的动机而忽视了所涉及的基本集体行动问题，要么寻找以掠夺和挪用形式存在的选择性激励措施，而这往往是找不到的。本文提供了一个简单的暴力供应性别模型，可以解释和平和暴力选择，并将某些选择的明显极端主义视为理性而非狂热行为。至关重要的是，它并不认为暴力对个人的奖励是物质利益，而是女性冲破传统性别角色的牢笼，用自己的行动表达自己的观点，从而加入对英雄和烈士的崇拜的可能性。作为证据，我们转向妇女对导致 1917 年革命的俄罗斯革命运动的非凡参与。