The Río Blanco-Los Bronces deposit is the largest Cu-Mo porphyry deposit in the world in terms of contained Cu metal. It is the product of protracted superposed magmatic and hydrothermal activity associated with multiple intrusive and brecciation events, with simultaneous regional uplift, erosion and unroofing, and decompression. Magmatism resulted in three major mineralization-alteration stages. The premineralization stage occurred during the emplacement of the San Francisco batholith, resulting in late magmatic and early hydrothermal events. The synmineralization stage corresponds to the main hydrothermal events associated with the Río Blanco-Los Bronces porphyry and breccia complexes, which were related to three intrusion phases, widespread brecciation, and an epithermal-style advanced argillic alteration. Late-stage magmatism, followed by hydrothermal activity, was associated with the emplacement of subvolcanic rhyolite complexes and late-stage porphyry intrusions. The synmineralization intrusions are associated with high-grade breccia bodies that have well-defined alteration-zonation patterns.Compilation and analysis of the historical Río Blanco structural data sets from the different mines, tunnels, and pits have allowed the assignment of all mapped structures to four hierarchical orders based on their continuity, crosscutting relationships, and infill compositions. The larger structures (orders 0 and 1) have along-strike continuity, correlate between drifts and/or mine levels, whereas smaller structures (orders 2 and 3) were grouped according to their dimensions and distributions within the larger-order structure-defined panels. All orders 0 and 1 structures were modeled in three dimensions, while orders 2 and 3 were in two dimensions. The structures mapped at Río Blanco have an intimate relationship with the pre- to the late-stage geologic evolution of magmatism and mineralization. The regional-and to a lesser extent district-scale structural evolution was related to premineralization basin-opening and subsequent tectonic inversion, whereas at the camp scale, syn- to late mineralization intrusions and related hydrothermal features were superimposed on this inherited structural architecture.

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智利中部里奥布兰科铜钼斑岩矿床的地质和结构

就铜金属含量而言，Río Blanco-Los Bronces 矿床是世界上最大的铜钼斑岩矿床。它是与多次侵入和角砾岩化事件相关的长期叠加的岩浆和热液活动的产物，同时发生区域隆起、侵蚀和剥落以及减压。岩浆作用导致了三个主要的矿化蚀变阶段。预矿化阶段发生在旧金山岩基侵位期间，导致晚期岩浆和早期热液事件。共矿化阶段对应于与 Río Blanco-Los Bronces 斑岩和角砾岩杂岩相关的主​​要热液事件，这些热液事件与三个侵入阶段、广泛的角砾化和浅成热液型高级泥质蚀变有关。晚期岩浆活动以及随后的热液活动与次火山流纹岩杂岩的侵位和晚期斑岩侵入有关。共矿化侵入与具有明确的蚀变分带模式的高品位角砾岩体有关。对来自不同矿山、隧道和矿坑的历史 Río Blanco 结构数据集的编译和分析允许将所有映射的结构分配给基于其连续性、横切关系和填充成分的四个层次顺序。较大的结构（0 级和 1 级）具有沿走向的连续性，与巷道和/或矿层水平相关，而较小的结构（2 级和 3 级）根据其尺寸和在较大级结构定义的面板内的分布进行分组。所有 0 阶和 1 阶结构均以三维建模，而 2 阶和 3 阶结构则以二维建模。布兰科河绘制的结构与岩浆作用和矿化的前期到后期地质演化有着密切的关系。区域尺度和较小程度上的区尺度构造演化与矿化前盆地打开和随后的构造反转有关，而在营地尺度上，同期到晚期矿化侵入和相关热液特征叠加在这种继承的构造结构上。