Dichroic beamsplitters, or dichroics, rely on the optical interference that occurs within thin-film layers to ensure the separation of the transmission and reflection of selective wavelengths of an incident beam of light at a given angle of incidence. Utilized within the optical systems of numerous space telescopes, they act to separate the incoming light spectrally and spatially into various channels. As space missions increasingly demand simultaneous observations across wavebands spanning extreme wavelength ranges, the necessity for exceedingly complex broadband dichroics has emerged. Subsequently, the uncertainties pertaining to their optical performance have also become more intricate. We use transmission line modeling to evaluate the spectral performance of multilayer coatings deposited on a substrate material for given thicknesses, materials, angles of incidence, and polarization. A dichroic recipe in line with the typical specifications and requirements of a dichroic is designed with the aid of a Monte Carlo simulation. The tolerances of the coating performance to systematic and random uncertainties from the manufacturing process, as well as from environmental changes in space, are studied. With the aid of accurate manufacturing recipes and uncertainty amplitudes from commercial manufacturers, this tool can predict variations in the optical performance that result from the propagation of each of these uncertainties for various hypothetical scenarios and systematic effects.

中文翻译：

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极端宽带二向色性：天文光谱学的蒙特卡罗传输线建模

二向色分束器或二向色镜依靠薄膜层内发生的光学干涉来确保在给定入射角下入射光束的选择性波长的透射和反射的分离。它们在许多太空望远镜的光学系统中使用，用于将入射光在光谱和空间上分离到不同的通道中。随着太空任务越来越需要跨极端波长范围的波段同步观测，因此出现了极其复杂的宽带二向色镜的必要性。随后，与其光学性能相关的不确定性也变得更加复杂。我们使用传输线建模来评估沉积在给定厚度、材料、入射角和偏振的基材材料上的多层涂层的光谱性能。借助蒙特卡罗模拟，设计了符合二向色镜典型规格和要求的二向色镜配方。研究了涂层性能对制造过程以及空间环境变化的系统和随机不确定性的耐受性。借助商业制造商的准确制造配方和不确定性幅度，该工具可以预测光学性能的变化，这些变化是由于各种假设场景和系统效应的每个不确定性的传播而导致的。