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Ruthenium-Induced Decomposition of Hexamethylenetetramine as a Tool for the Acid-Free Sommelet Reaction in Aqueous Medium
The Journal of Organic Chemistry ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02447
Preeti Devi 1 , Vikas Dasharath Ghule 1 , Senthilkumar Muthaiah 1
Affiliation  

Hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) is one of the most versatile and most utilized nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds in academia and industry. Most of the reactions involving HMTA employ stoichiometric or excess amounts of acid, which hamper the sustainability of the reactions. Herein, we report the first example of the ruthenium-mediated decomposition of HMTA at room temperature, supported by a detailed mechanistic study using thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis, variable-temperature NMR, UV–vis spectroscopy, and density functional theory techniques. The mechanism study also involves a comparison of the decomposition of HMTA, protonated HMTA, [RuCl3(HMTA)], and [FeCl3(HMTA)], which revealed that [RuCl3(HMTA)] decomposes at the lowest temperature and has the lowest HOMO–LUMO band gap of 2.66 eV. The ruthenium-induced decomposition of HMTA is successfully used as a tool to increase the sustainability of the Sommelet reaction as it employs simple RuCl3·nH2O as a catalyst in as low as 0.5 mol % concentration in aqueous medium. The developed methodology is found to be very selective and efficient even for the very challenging substrates, namely, aliphatic aldehydes and substrates with electron-withdrawing substituents. The findings of this work are the first of its kind in which ruthenium is employed in the Sommelet reaction and also provide a possible platform to improve the sustainability of all reactions involving HMTA as a reactant/reagent.

中文翻译:


钌诱导的六亚甲基四胺分解作为水介质中无酸索梅莱反应的工具



六亚甲基四胺(HMTA)是学术界和工业界用途最广泛、使用最多的含氮杂环化合物之一。大多数涉及 HMTA 的反应都采用化学计量或过量的酸,这阻碍了反应的可持续性。在此,我们报告了钌介导的 HMTA 在室温下分解的第一个例子,并得到了使用热重分析/差热分析、变温核磁共振、紫外可见光谱和密度泛函理论技术的详细机理研究的支持。机理研究还涉及HMTA、质子化HMTA、[RuCl 3 (HMTA)]和[FeCl 3 (HMTA)]的分解比较,结果表明[RuCl 3 (HMTA)]在最低温度下分解,并且具有最低的HOMO-LUMO带隙为2.66 eV。钌诱导的 HMTA 分解被成功地用作提高 Sommelet 反应可持续性的工具,因为它使用简单的 RuCl 3 · n H 2 O 作为催化剂,在水介质中浓度低至 0.5 mol %。研究发现,即使对于非常具有挑战性的底物,即脂肪醛和具有吸电子取代基的底物,所开发的方法也具有非常高的选择性和效率。这项工作的结果是首次在 Sommelet 反应中使用钌,并且还提供了一个可能的平台来提高所有涉及 HMTA 作为反应物/试剂的反应的可持续性。
更新日期:2024-03-14
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