A large body of research has investigated responses to artificial scenarios (e.g., trolley problem) where maximizing beneficial outcomes for the greater good (utilitarianism) conflicts with adherence to moral norms (deontology). The CNI model is a computational model that quantifies sensitivity to consequences for the greater good ( C), sensitivity to moral norms ( N), and general preference for inaction versus action ( I) in responses to plausible moral dilemmas based on real-world events. Expanding on a description of the CNI model, the current article provides (a) a comprehensive review of empirical findings obtained with the CNI model, (b) an analysis of their theoretical implications, (c) a discussion of criticisms of the CNI model, and (d) an overview of alternative approaches to disentangle multiple factors underlying moral-dilemma responses and the relation of these approaches to the CNI model. The article concludes with a discussion of open questions and new directions for future research.Public AbstractHow do people make judgments about actions that violate moral norms yet maximize the greater good (e.g., sacrificing the well-being of a small number of people for the well-being of a larger number of people)? Research on this question has been criticized for relying on highly artificial scenarios and for conflating multiple distinct factors underlying responses in moral dilemmas. The current article reviews research that used a computational modeling approach to disentangle the roles of multiple distinct factors in responses to plausible moral dilemmas based on real-world events. By disentangling sensitivity to consequences, sensitivity to moral norms, and general preference for inaction versus action in responses to realistic dilemmas, the reviewed work provides a more nuanced understanding of how people make judgments about the right course of action in moral dilemmas.

中文翻译：

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超越电车学：道德困境反应的 CNI 模型


大量研究调查了对人工场景（例如电车难题）的反应，其中为了更大的利益（功利主义）而最大化有益结果与遵守道德规范（道义论）相冲突。 CNI 模型是一种计算模型，它量化了对更大利益后果的敏感性 (C)、对道德规范的敏感性 (N) 以及对基于现实世界事件的看似合理的道德困境的不作为与行动的普遍偏好 (I) 。本文扩展了 CNI 模型的描述，提供了 (a) 对 CNI 模型获得的实证结果的全面回顾，(b) 对其理论含义的分析，(c) 对 CNI 模型批评的讨论， (d) 概述用于理清道德困境反应背后的多种因素的替代方法以及这些方法与 CNI 模型的关系。文章最后讨论了悬而未决的问题和未来研究的新方向。公共摘要人们如何对违反道德规范但最大化更大利益的行为做出判断（例如，为了大众的福祉而牺牲少数人的福祉） -更多人的存在）？关于这个问题的研究因依赖高度人为的场景以及混淆了道德困境中反应背后的多个不同因素而受到批评。本文回顾了使用计算建模方法来理清多个不同因素在应对基于现实世界事件的合理道德困境时的作用的研究。 通过理清对后果的敏感性、对道德规范的敏感性，以及在应对现实困境时对不作为与行动的普遍偏好，所审查的工作为人们如何在道德困境中对正确的行动方针做出判断提供了更细致的理解。