Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated extensive prospects for future applications. However, defects remain the crucial factor that impedes their further advancement in performance, and passivation of the interfaces (such as the buried and/or top interfaces) is regarded as one of the most effective approaches. Herein, we aim to address another important interface, namely, the indium tin oxide/electron transport layer (ITO/ETL) interface in n-i-p structured devices. Since electron transport layers are typically fabricated using commercial nanotin dioxide, which often displays insufficient density. To combat this, we employ the most commonly used bathocuproine (BCP) material to treat the ITO/ETL interface. The incorporation of BCP diminishes the direct contact between the perovskite and ITO layers while also passivating the buried interface and adjusting the crystal orientation of perovskites. Furthermore, the substrate layer exhibits improved transparency, consequently elevating the utilization rate of light by perovskite. As a result, the BCP-based PSC exhibits an impressive efficiency greater than 22%, surpassing the control one of 19.91%, and simultaneously demonstrates excellent stability. Notably, the optimization of this interface has universal applicability for the improvement of PSCs performance.

中文翻译：

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Bathocuproine，老狗，提升钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的新技巧

钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）已展现出广泛的未来应用前景。然而，缺陷仍然是阻碍其性能进一步提升的关键因素，而界面（例如掩埋和/或顶部界面）的钝化被认为是最有效的方法之一。在这里，我们的目标是解决另一个重要的界面，即压区结构器件中的氧化铟锡/电子传输层（ITO/ETL）界面。由于电子传输层通常是使用商业纳米二氧化锡制造的，因此其密度通常不足。为了解决这个问题，我们采用最常用的浴铜灵 (BCP) 材料来处理 ITO/ETL 界面。 BCP 的加入减少了钙钛矿和 ITO 层之间的直接接触，同时钝化了埋入界面并调整了钙钛矿的晶体取向。此外，基底层表现出改善的透明度，从而提高了钙钛矿的光利用率。结果，基于 BCP 的 PSC 表现出超过 22% 的令人印象深刻的效率，超过了对照的 19.91%，同时表现出出色的稳定性。值得注意的是，该接口的优化对于提高 PSC 性能具有普遍适用性。