离子交换实现了从净化到海水淡化再到脱碳的选择性分离：最新进展和机遇,Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology

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离子交换实现了从净化到海水淡化再到脱碳的选择性分离：最新进展和机遇
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 , DOI: 10.1039/d4ew00125g
Dian Wang ₁ , Yunhao Zhang ₁ , Hang Dong ₁ , Hao Chen ₂ , Arup SenGupta ₂

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基于静电相互作用和水合离子半径的离子交换选择性分离的基本原理已经很成熟，但直到 20 世纪下叶，它们的主要应用仅限于软化和脱矿质。随着过去五年环保运动的蓬勃发展，基于各种选择性机制的新型离子交换应用已成为关键环境分离的主要贡献者。虽然最近人们对将传统的批量分离过程（例如，膜）改造为更具选择性而产生了兴趣，但对传统选择性过程（例如，离子交换）的选择性机制的重新审视可以为促进选择性分离设计提供重要的见解。本次综述的主要目的是介绍使用离子交换选择性分离进行净化、脱盐和脱碳的一些主要进展和进展。具体来说，我们介绍了传统离子交换剂在软化中的选择性原理和应用、新型混合阴离子交换剂在净化含氧阴离子中、弱酸阳离子交换剂在海水淡化和回用废水中以及混合配体交换剂在直接空气捕获CO ₂中的应用。除了选择性之外，我们还强调了材料的再生性和再生工艺设计在将离子交换选择性分离从化学驱动转变为CO ₂或电力驱动以更好地适应碳中和时代方面的关键作用。我们预计这次审查将为未来的选择性离子交换设计提供信息，以应对新出现的环境分离挑战。

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Ion exchange enabled selective separation from decontamination to desalination to decarbonization: recent advances and opportunities

Fundamentals of ion exchange selective separation based on electrostatic interactions and hydrated ionic radius have been well established, but until the later part of the 20th century, their primary applications were limited to softening and demineralization. With the surge of the environmental movement during the last five decades, novel ion exchange applications based on various selectivity mechanisms have emerged as major contributors toward critical environmental separations. While interests are emerging recently in transforming conventional bulk separation processes (e.g., membranes) to be more selective, a revisit to the selectivity mechanisms of conventional selective processes (e.g., ion exchange) may provide critical insights to facilitate selective separation design. The primary objectives of this review are to present some major developments and progress in using ion exchange selective separation for decontamination, desalination, and decarbonization. Specifically, we present selectivity principles and applications of conventional ion exchangers in softening, novel hybrid anion exchangers in decontaminating oxyanions, weak acid cation exchangers in desalinating and reusing wastewater, and hybrid ligand exchangers in direct air capture of CO₂. Besides selectivity, we highlight the critical role of material regenerability and regeneration process design in transforming ion exchange selective separation from chemical-driven to CO₂ or electricity-driven for better adapting to the carbon-neutral era. We envision this review to inform future selective ion exchange designs to address emerging environmental separation challenges.

更新日期：2024-03-13

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