This article examines how carbon dioxide (CO2) removal credits can be integrated into the European Union (EU) Emissions Trading System (ETS), focusing on questions of permanence and climate liability. It identifies challenges within the integration process and analyzes approaches from practice and literature to cultivate learning. These approaches apply different strategies to address the issue of permanence, including temporary credit issuance, granting credits once a certain number of carbon tonne-years have been accumulated, or issuing credits at the beginning of the project period and relying on liability instead. Drawing from the findings of this research, the article presents legal considerations that may inform a proposal for an EU legislative act on the integration of carbon removal credits into the EU ETS. It suggests that only credits issued for permanent CO2 removal should be integrated to ensure the environmental integrity of the system. Furthermore, the liability of the project operator should transfer to the Member State under certain conditions to make liability risks more predictable.

中文翻译：

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永久性和责任：将二氧化碳去除纳入欧盟排放交易体系的法律考虑

本文探讨了二氧化碳 (CO2）清除信用可以纳入欧盟（EU）排放交易体系（ETS），重点关注持久性和气候责任问题。它确定了整合过程中的挑战，并分析了实践和文献中培养学习的方法。这些方法采用不同的策略来解决永久性问题，包括临时信贷发放、积累一定数量的碳吨年后发放信贷，或在项目期开始时发放信贷并依靠责任。根据这项研究的结果，本文提出了法律考虑因素，这些考虑因素可能会为有关将碳清除信用纳入欧盟排放交易体系的欧盟立法法案提案提供参考。它建议只为永久 CO 发放积分2应整合清除以确保系统的环境完整性。此外，在一定条件下，项目运营商的责任应转移给成员国，以使责任风险更加可预测。