The “flow” of electric currents and heat in standard metals is diffusive with electronic motion randomized by impurities. However, for ultraclean metals, electrons can flow like water with their flow being described by the equations of hydrodynamics. While theoretically postulated, this situation was highly elusive for decades. In the past decade, several experimental groups have found strong indications for this type of flow, especially in graphene-based devices. In this review, we give an overview of some of the recent key developments, on both the theoretical and experimental sides.

中文翻译：

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流体动力电子运输


标准金属中电流和热量的“流动”是随着杂质随机化的电子运动而扩散的。然而，对于超洁净金属，电子可以像水一样流动，它们的流动由流体动力学方程描述。虽然理论上假设，但这种情况几十年来一直非常难以捉摸。在过去的十年中，几个实验小组发现了这种流动的强烈迹象，尤其是在基于石墨烯的器件中。在这篇综述中，我们概述了理论和实验方面最近的一些关键发展。