The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a combination of chemotherapy plus radiotherapy was able to increase the overall survival rates compared with chemotherapy alone in stage IB-III uterine serous carcinoma. A total of 1096 patients (593 who had not received radiotherapy, and 503 who had) with primary stage IB-III uterine serous carcinoma who underwent surgery and received chemotherapy were included in the present study. The Kaplan–Meier method and Log-Rank tests showed that radiotherapy did not increase 5-year overall survival rates compared with the no-radiotherapy groups (52.3 cf. 50.8%, respectively; P = 0.641). Cox regression analysis subsequently corroborated that radiotherapy did not affect the 5-year overall survival rate (P = 0.635). Patients who were aged ≥ 60 years had a higher mortality rate [hazard ratio (HR), 1.712; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.385–2.117; P < 0.05]. The 5-year overall survival rates were found to be lower in the groups where the regional lymph nodes had not been removed (HR 0.645; 95% CI 0.508–0.821; P < 0.05). Chemotherapy plus radiotherapy was found to not be associated with improved 5-year overall survival rates. However, chemotherapy may be a better treatment option for patients with primary stage IB-III uterine serous carcinoma who have undergone surgery.

本研究的目的是探讨在 IB-III 期子宫浆液性癌中，与单独化疗相比，化疗联合放疗是否能够提高总体生存率。本研究共纳入 1096 例接受手术和化疗的原发性 IB-III 期子宫浆液性癌患者（593 例未接受放疗，503 例已接受放疗）。 Kaplan-Meier 方法和 Log-Rank 检验显示，与非放疗组相比，放疗并未提高 5 年总生存率（分别为 52.3 比 50.8%； P = 0.641）。 Cox回归分析随后证实放疗并不影响5年总生存率（ P = 0.635）。年龄≥60岁的患者死亡率较高[风险比（HR），1.712； 95% 置信区间 (95% CI), 1.385–2.117; P <0.05]。未切除区域淋巴结的组的 5 年总体生存率较低（HR 0.645；95% CI 0.508–0.821； P < 0.05）。研究发现化疗加放疗与改善 5 年总生存率无关。然而，对于接受手术的原发性 IB-III 期子宫浆液性癌患者来说，化疗可能是更好的治疗选择。