Insect antennae facilitate the nuanced detection of vibrations and deflections, and the non-contact perception of magnetic or chemical stimuli, capabilities not found in mammalian skin. Here, we report a neuromorphic antennal sensory system that emulates the structural, functional, and neuronal characteristics of ant antennae. Our system comprises electronic antennae sensor with three-dimensional flexible structures that detects tactile and magnetic stimuli. The integration of artificial synaptic devices adsorbed with solution-processable MoS₂ nanoflakes enables synaptic processing of sensory information. By emulating the architecture of receptor-neuron pathway, our system realizes hardware-level, spatiotemporal perception of tactile contact, surface pattern, and magnetic field (detection limits: 1.3 mN, 50 μm, 9.4 mT). Vibrotactile-perception tasks involving profile and texture classifications were accomplished with high accuracy (> 90%), surpassing human performance in “blind” tactile explorations. Magneto-perception tasks including magnetic navigation and touchless interaction were successfully completed. Our work represents a milestone for neuromorphic sensory systems and biomimetic perceptual intelligence.

昆虫触角有助于对振动和偏转进行细致的检测，以及对磁性或化学刺激的非接触感知，这是哺乳动物皮肤所没有的能力。在这里，我们报告了一种模拟蚂蚁触角的结构、功能和神经元特征的神经形态触角感觉系统。我们的系统包括具有三维柔性结构的电子天线传感器，可检测触觉和磁刺激。吸附有可溶液加工的MoS ₂纳米片的人工突触装置的集成使得能够对感觉信息进行突触处理。通过模拟受体-神经元通路的架构，我们的系统实现了硬件级的触觉接触、表面图案和磁场的时空感知（检测限：1.3 mN、50 μm、9.4 mT）。涉及轮廓和纹理分类的振动触觉感知任务以高精度（> 90%）完成，超越了人类在“盲目”触觉探索中的表现。顺利完成磁导航、非接触交互等磁感知任务。我们的工作代表了神经形态感觉系统和仿生感知智能的里程碑。