Wood, an essential natural resource in human civilization, remains widely used despite advances in technology and material substitution. The surge in greenhouse gas emissions and environmental concerns accentuates the need for optimizing wood utilization. Material flow analysis is a powerful tool for tracking material flows and stocks, aiding resource management and environmental decision-making. However, the full extent of its methodological dimensions, particularly within the context of the wood supply chain, remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we delve into the existing literature on wood flow analysis, discussing its primary objectives, materials involved, temporal and spatial scales, data sources, units, and conversion factors. Additionally, data uncertainty, data reconciliation and crucial assumptions in material flow analysis are highlighted in this paper. Key findings reveal the significance of wood cascading and substitution effects by replacing non-wood materials, where they can reduce greenhouse gas emissions more than the natural carbon sink of forests and wood products. The immediate impact of short-term wood cascading might not be as robust as the substitution effect, with energy substitution showcasing better results than material substitution. However, it's crucial to note that these conclusions could experience significant reversal from a long-term and global perspective. Strategies for improving wood efficiency involve maximizing material use, advancing construction technologies, extending product lifespans, promoting cascade use, and optimizing energy recovery processes. The study underscores the need for standardized approaches in wood flow analysis and emphasizes the potential of wood efficiency strategies in addressing environmental challenges.

中文翻译：

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通过全面的木材流分析提高木材效率：方法和战略见解

尽管技术和材料替代不断进步，木材作为人类文明中重要的自然资源，仍然被广泛使用。温室气体排放量的激增和环境问题凸显了优化木材利用的必要性。物料流分析是跟踪物料流和库存、帮助资源管理和环境决策的强大工具。然而，其方法论维度的全部范围，特别是在木材供应链的背景下，仍然相对未经探索。在本研究中，我们深入研究了有关木材流分析的现有文献，讨论了其主要目标、涉及的材料、时间和空间尺度、数据源、单位和转换因子。此外，本文还强调了物质流分析中的数据不确定性、数据协调和关键假设。主要研究结果揭示了木材级联和替代非木材材料的替代效应的重要性，它们可以比森林和木制品的自然碳汇更多地减少温室气体排放。短期木材层叠的直接影响可能不如替代效应那么强大，能源替代比材料替代显示出更好的效果。然而，值得注意的是，从长期和全球角度来看，这些结论可能会发生重大逆转。提高木材效率的策略包括最大限度地利用材料、改进建筑技术、延长产品寿命、促进梯级使用以及优化能源回收过程。该研究强调了木材流分析标准化方法的必要性，并强调了木材效率策略在应对环境挑战方面的潜力。