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Intersex in the USA’s Best-Selling Undergraduate Psychology Textbooks: Uneven Critique in an Ongoing Scientific and Ethical Crisis
Sex Roles ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 , DOI: 10.1007/s11199-024-01456-3
Peter Hegarty , Sam Vaughan

The field of intersex studies is advancing and requires scholars to update their knowledge and representation of people with intersex variations. To examine how psychology students are taught about people with intersex variations, we reviewed best-selling USA psychology textbooks in introductory psychology (n = 8), psychology of women and gender (n = 5), human sexuality (n = 4), and biological psychology (n = 3). All textbooks indexed intersex or cognate terms, with alternative terms (e.g., disorders of sex development) indexed less frequently. Intersex variations were described as emerging during the stages of sex development, and as challenging binary categories for sex. Several specific variations were commonly described as syndromes with little reference to psychological research or lived experiences. Women and girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) were most clearly framed as “natural experiments” about how nature and nurture intersect. Diverse sex development involving 46 XY genotypes tended to be described as difference from norms for male endosex development. However, two textbooks included lengthy narratives of people’s lived experiences as intersex, and photographs of intersex-identified individuals were common. Photo images of the South African athlete Caster Semenya depicted more of her body than did the photo images of other intersex-identified individuals. The textbooks generally included critical reflection on the assumptions of a gender binary, and on the attribution of ambiguity to others’ bodies, genetic determinism, the medical gaze, and the sex testing of athletes. We consider how information in these textbooks can shape the representation of intersex among psychology students, and how it may be used to develop more humanizing representations of intersex across all psychology textbooks.



中文翻译:

美国最畅销的本科心理学教科书中的双性人:持续的科学和伦理危机中的不均匀批评

双性人研究领域正在不断发展,要求学者们更新他们的知识和对双性人变异的描述。为了研究如何向心理学学生教授有关双性变异的知识,我们回顾了美国畅销心理学教科书,其中包括入门心理学 ( n  = 8)、女性和性别心理学 ( n  = 5)、人类性行为 ( n  = 4) 和生物心理学(n  = 3)。所有教科书都索引了双性人或同源术语,而替代术语(例如性发育障碍)的索引频率较低。间性变异被描述为在性发育阶段出现,并且对性别的二元分类具有挑战性。几种特定的变异通常被描述为综合症,很少参考心理学研究或生活经历。患有先天性肾上腺增生症(CAH)的妇女和女孩最明显地被视为关于先天与后天如何交叉的“自然实验”。涉及 46 XY 基因型的多样化性别发育往往被描述为与男性内性发育正常值的差异。然而,两本教科书包含了对双性人生活经历的冗长叙述,并且被认定为双性人的照片也很常见。南非运动员卡斯特·塞门亚的照片比其他双性人的照片更多地描绘了她的身体。教科书通常包括对性别二元假设的批判性反思,以及对他人身体的模糊性归因、基因决定论、医学视角和运动员性别测试的批判性反思。我们考虑这些教科书中的信息如何塑造心理学学生中双性人的表征,以及如何利用它在所有心理学教科书中开发更人性化的双性人表征。

更新日期:2024-03-07
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