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Tropical field stations yield high conservation return on investment
Conservation Letters ( IF 7.7 ) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 , DOI: 10.1111/conl.13007 Timothy M. Eppley 1, 2, 3, 4 , Kim E. Reuter 4, 5, 6 , Timothy M. Sefczek 4, 7, 8 , Jen Tinsman 4, 8, 9 , Luca Santini 10 , Selwyn Hoeks 11 , Seheno Andriantsaralaza 4, 5 , Sam Shanee 4, 12, 13 , Anthony Di Fiore 14, 15 , Joanna M. Setchell 4, 16 , Karen B. Strier 4, 17 , Peter A. Abanyam 4, 18 , Aini Hasanah Abd Mutalib 4, 19 , Ekwoge Abwe 3, 4, 20 , Tanvir Ahmed 4, 21 , Marc Ancrenaz 4, 22, 23 , Raphali R. Andriantsimanarilafy 24 , Andie Ang 4, 25 , Filippo Aureli 4, 26, 27 , Louise Barrett 28, 29 , Jacinta C. Beehner 4, 30, 31 , Marcela E. Benítez 32 , Bruna M. Bezerra 4, 33 , Júlio César Bicca‐Marques 4, 34 , Dominique Bikaba 35 , Robert Bitariho 36 , Christophe Boesch 4, 37 , Laura M. Bolt 4, 38, 39 , Ramesh Boonratana 4, 40 , Thomas M. Butynski 4, 41, 42 , Gustavo R. Canale 4, 43, 44 , Susana Carvalho 45, 46 , Colin A. Chapman 4, 47 , Dilip Chetry 4, 48 , Susan M. Cheyne 4, 49, 50 , Marina Cords 4, 51 , Fanny M. Cornejo 4, 52 , Liliana Cortés‐Ortiz 4, 53 , Camille N. Z. Coudrat 4, 54 , Margaret C. Crofoot 55, 56, 57 , Drew T. Cronin 4, 58 , Alvine Dadjo 59 , S. Chrystelle Dakpogan 4, 60 , Emmanuel Danquah 61 , Tim R. B. Davenport 4, 62 , Yvonne A. de Jong 4, 41, 42 , Stella de la Torre 4, 15, 63 , Andrea Dempsey 4, 64 , Judeline C. Dimalibot 65 , Rainer Dolch 4, 66 , Giuseppe Donati 4, 49 , Alejandro Estrada 4, 67 , Rassina A. Farassi 68, 69 , Peter J. Fashing 4, 70, 71 , Eduardo Fernandez‐Duque 4, 72 , Maria J. Ferreira da Silva 4, 73, 74, 75 , Julia Fischer 76, 77 , César F. Flores‐Negrón 78 , Barbara Fruth 4, 79 , Terence Fuh Neba 4, 80 , Lief Erikson Gamalo 4, 81 , Jörg U. Ganzhorn 4, 82 , Paul A. Garber 83, 84 , Smitha D. Gnanaolivu 4, 85, 86 , Mary Katherine Gonder 4, 87 , Sery Ernest Gonedelé Bi 4, 88, 89 , Benoit Goossens 4, 90, 91 , Marcelo Gordo 4, 92, 93 , Juan M. Guayasamin 94, 95 , Diana C. Guzmán‐Caro 4, 96 , Andrew R. Halloran 4, 97, 98 , Jessica A. Hartel 99, 100, 101 , Eckhard W. Heymann 4, 102 , Russell A. Hill 16, 103 , Kimberley J. Hockings 4, 104 , Gottfried Hohmann 37, 79 , Naven Hon 105 , Mariano G. Houngbédji 4, 60, 106 , Michael A. Huffman 4, 107 , Rachel A. Ikemeh 4, 108 , Inaoyom Imong 4, 109 , Mitchell T. Irwin 4, 110, 111 , Patrícia Izar 4, 112 , Leandro Jerusalinsky 4, 113 , Gladys Kalema‐Zikusoka 4, 114 , Beth A. Kaplin 4, 115, 116 , Peter M. Kappeler 4, 102, 117 , Stanislaus M. Kivai 4, 118 , Cheryl D. Knott 4, 119, 120 , Intanon Kolasartsanee 4, 121 , Kathelijne Koops 4, 122 , Martin M. Kowalewski 4, 123 , Deo Kujirakwinja 4, 109, 124 , Ajith Kumar 4, 125, 126 , Quyet K. Le 4, 127 , Rebecca J. Lewis 4, 14, 128 , Aung Ko Lin 4, 129 , Andrés Link 4, 130, 131 , Luz I. Loría 4, 132, 133 , Menladi M. Lormie 4, 134 , Edward E. Louis 4, 8, 135 , Ngwe Lwin 4, 129 , Fiona Maisels 4, 136, 137 , Suchinda Malaivijitnond 4, 138, 139 , Lesley Marisa 4, 140 , Gráinne M. McCabe 4, 141 , W. Scott McGraw 4, 142 , Addisu Mekonnen 4, 143, 144 , Pedro G. Méndez‐Carvajal 4, 132, 145 , Tânia Minhós 146, 147 , David M. Montgomery 148 , Citlalli Morelos‐Juárez 4, 149 , Bethan J. Morgan 3, 4, 20, 137 , David Morgan 4, 150 , Amancio Motove Etingüe 151 , Papa Ibnou Ndiaye 4, 152 , K. Anne‐Isola Nekaris 4, 153, 154 , Nga Nguyen 70, 71 , Vincent Nijman 4, 49, 155 , Radar Nishuli 4, 156 , Marilyn A. Norconk 157 , Luciana I. Oklander 4, 158, 159 , Rahayu Oktaviani 4, 160, 161 , Julia Ostner 162, 163 , Emily Otali 4, 164, 165 , Susan E. Perry 166 , Eduardo J. Pinel Ramos 26 , Leila M. Porter 4, 110 , Jill D. Pruetz 167 , Anne E. Pusey 168 , Helder L. Queiroz 169 , Mónica A. Ramírez 4, 170 , Guy Hermas Randriatahina 4, 171 , Hoby Rasoanaivo 5 , Jonah Ratsimbazafy 4, 172 , Joelisoa Ratsirarson 4, 173 , Josia Razafindramanana 4, 174, 175 , Onja H. Razafindratsima 4, 176 , Vernon Reynolds 4, 177, 178 , Rizaldi Rizaldi 4, 179 , Martha M. Robbins 4, 37 , Melissa E. Rodríguez 4, 180 , Marleny Rosales‐Meda 4, 181 , Crickette M. Sanz 4, 182, 183 , Dipto Sarkar 184 , Anne Savage 4, 185 , Amy L. Schreier 39, 186 , Oliver Schülke 162, 163 , Gabriel H. Segniagbeto 4, 187, 188 , Juan Carlos Serio‐Silva 4, 189 , Arif Setiawan 4, 190 , John Seyjagat 191, 192 , Felipe E. Silva 4, 169, 193 , Elizabeth M. Sinclair 194, 195 , Rebecca L. Smith 4, 196 , Denise Spaan 26, 197 , Fiona A. Stewart 4, 27, 198 , Shirley C. Strum 4, 199, 200 , Martin Surbeck 37, 201 , Magdalena S. Svensson 4, 49 , Mauricio Talebi 4, 202, 203 , Luc Roscelin Tédonzong 4, 204, 205 , Bernardo Urbani 4, 102, 206 , João Valsecchi 207, 208 , Natalie Vasey 2 , Erin R. Vogel 209, 210 , Robert B. Wallace 4, 211 , Janette Wallis 4, 212 , Siân Waters 4, 16, 213 , Roman M. Wittig 4, 214, 215 , Richard W. Wrangham 4, 216 , Patricia C. Wright 4, 217, 218 , Russell A. Mittermeier 4, 219
Conservation Letters ( IF 7.7 ) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 , DOI: 10.1111/conl.13007 Timothy M. Eppley 1, 2, 3, 4 , Kim E. Reuter 4, 5, 6 , Timothy M. Sefczek 4, 7, 8 , Jen Tinsman 4, 8, 9 , Luca Santini 10 , Selwyn Hoeks 11 , Seheno Andriantsaralaza 4, 5 , Sam Shanee 4, 12, 13 , Anthony Di Fiore 14, 15 , Joanna M. Setchell 4, 16 , Karen B. Strier 4, 17 , Peter A. Abanyam 4, 18 , Aini Hasanah Abd Mutalib 4, 19 , Ekwoge Abwe 3, 4, 20 , Tanvir Ahmed 4, 21 , Marc Ancrenaz 4, 22, 23 , Raphali R. Andriantsimanarilafy 24 , Andie Ang 4, 25 , Filippo Aureli 4, 26, 27 , Louise Barrett 28, 29 , Jacinta C. Beehner 4, 30, 31 , Marcela E. Benítez 32 , Bruna M. Bezerra 4, 33 , Júlio César Bicca‐Marques 4, 34 , Dominique Bikaba 35 , Robert Bitariho 36 , Christophe Boesch 4, 37 , Laura M. Bolt 4, 38, 39 , Ramesh Boonratana 4, 40 , Thomas M. Butynski 4, 41, 42 , Gustavo R. Canale 4, 43, 44 , Susana Carvalho 45, 46 , Colin A. Chapman 4, 47 , Dilip Chetry 4, 48 , Susan M. Cheyne 4, 49, 50 , Marina Cords 4, 51 , Fanny M. Cornejo 4, 52 , Liliana Cortés‐Ortiz 4, 53 , Camille N. Z. Coudrat 4, 54 , Margaret C. Crofoot 55, 56, 57 , Drew T. Cronin 4, 58 , Alvine Dadjo 59 , S. Chrystelle Dakpogan 4, 60 , Emmanuel Danquah 61 , Tim R. B. Davenport 4, 62 , Yvonne A. de Jong 4, 41, 42 , Stella de la Torre 4, 15, 63 , Andrea Dempsey 4, 64 , Judeline C. Dimalibot 65 , Rainer Dolch 4, 66 , Giuseppe Donati 4, 49 , Alejandro Estrada 4, 67 , Rassina A. Farassi 68, 69 , Peter J. Fashing 4, 70, 71 , Eduardo Fernandez‐Duque 4, 72 , Maria J. Ferreira da Silva 4, 73, 74, 75 , Julia Fischer 76, 77 , César F. Flores‐Negrón 78 , Barbara Fruth 4, 79 , Terence Fuh Neba 4, 80 , Lief Erikson Gamalo 4, 81 , Jörg U. Ganzhorn 4, 82 , Paul A. Garber 83, 84 , Smitha D. Gnanaolivu 4, 85, 86 , Mary Katherine Gonder 4, 87 , Sery Ernest Gonedelé Bi 4, 88, 89 , Benoit Goossens 4, 90, 91 , Marcelo Gordo 4, 92, 93 , Juan M. Guayasamin 94, 95 , Diana C. Guzmán‐Caro 4, 96 , Andrew R. Halloran 4, 97, 98 , Jessica A. Hartel 99, 100, 101 , Eckhard W. Heymann 4, 102 , Russell A. Hill 16, 103 , Kimberley J. Hockings 4, 104 , Gottfried Hohmann 37, 79 , Naven Hon 105 , Mariano G. Houngbédji 4, 60, 106 , Michael A. Huffman 4, 107 , Rachel A. Ikemeh 4, 108 , Inaoyom Imong 4, 109 , Mitchell T. Irwin 4, 110, 111 , Patrícia Izar 4, 112 , Leandro Jerusalinsky 4, 113 , Gladys Kalema‐Zikusoka 4, 114 , Beth A. Kaplin 4, 115, 116 , Peter M. Kappeler 4, 102, 117 , Stanislaus M. Kivai 4, 118 , Cheryl D. Knott 4, 119, 120 , Intanon Kolasartsanee 4, 121 , Kathelijne Koops 4, 122 , Martin M. Kowalewski 4, 123 , Deo Kujirakwinja 4, 109, 124 , Ajith Kumar 4, 125, 126 , Quyet K. Le 4, 127 , Rebecca J. Lewis 4, 14, 128 , Aung Ko Lin 4, 129 , Andrés Link 4, 130, 131 , Luz I. Loría 4, 132, 133 , Menladi M. Lormie 4, 134 , Edward E. Louis 4, 8, 135 , Ngwe Lwin 4, 129 , Fiona Maisels 4, 136, 137 , Suchinda Malaivijitnond 4, 138, 139 , Lesley Marisa 4, 140 , Gráinne M. McCabe 4, 141 , W. Scott McGraw 4, 142 , Addisu Mekonnen 4, 143, 144 , Pedro G. Méndez‐Carvajal 4, 132, 145 , Tânia Minhós 146, 147 , David M. Montgomery 148 , Citlalli Morelos‐Juárez 4, 149 , Bethan J. Morgan 3, 4, 20, 137 , David Morgan 4, 150 , Amancio Motove Etingüe 151 , Papa Ibnou Ndiaye 4, 152 , K. Anne‐Isola Nekaris 4, 153, 154 , Nga Nguyen 70, 71 , Vincent Nijman 4, 49, 155 , Radar Nishuli 4, 156 , Marilyn A. Norconk 157 , Luciana I. Oklander 4, 158, 159 , Rahayu Oktaviani 4, 160, 161 , Julia Ostner 162, 163 , Emily Otali 4, 164, 165 , Susan E. Perry 166 , Eduardo J. Pinel Ramos 26 , Leila M. Porter 4, 110 , Jill D. Pruetz 167 , Anne E. Pusey 168 , Helder L. Queiroz 169 , Mónica A. Ramírez 4, 170 , Guy Hermas Randriatahina 4, 171 , Hoby Rasoanaivo 5 , Jonah Ratsimbazafy 4, 172 , Joelisoa Ratsirarson 4, 173 , Josia Razafindramanana 4, 174, 175 , Onja H. Razafindratsima 4, 176 , Vernon Reynolds 4, 177, 178 , Rizaldi Rizaldi 4, 179 , Martha M. Robbins 4, 37 , Melissa E. Rodríguez 4, 180 , Marleny Rosales‐Meda 4, 181 , Crickette M. Sanz 4, 182, 183 , Dipto Sarkar 184 , Anne Savage 4, 185 , Amy L. Schreier 39, 186 , Oliver Schülke 162, 163 , Gabriel H. Segniagbeto 4, 187, 188 , Juan Carlos Serio‐Silva 4, 189 , Arif Setiawan 4, 190 , John Seyjagat 191, 192 , Felipe E. Silva 4, 169, 193 , Elizabeth M. Sinclair 194, 195 , Rebecca L. Smith 4, 196 , Denise Spaan 26, 197 , Fiona A. Stewart 4, 27, 198 , Shirley C. Strum 4, 199, 200 , Martin Surbeck 37, 201 , Magdalena S. Svensson 4, 49 , Mauricio Talebi 4, 202, 203 , Luc Roscelin Tédonzong 4, 204, 205 , Bernardo Urbani 4, 102, 206 , João Valsecchi 207, 208 , Natalie Vasey 2 , Erin R. Vogel 209, 210 , Robert B. Wallace 4, 211 , Janette Wallis 4, 212 , Siân Waters 4, 16, 213 , Roman M. Wittig 4, 214, 215 , Richard W. Wrangham 4, 216 , Patricia C. Wright 4, 217, 218 , Russell A. Mittermeier 4, 219
Affiliation
Conservation funding is currently limited; cost-effective conservation solutions are essential. We suggest that the thousands of field stations worldwide can play key roles at the frontline of biodiversity conservation and have high intrinsic value. We assessed field stations’ conservation return on investment and explored the impact of COVID-19. We surveyed leaders of field stations across tropical regions that host primate research; 157 field stations in 56 countries responded. Respondents reported improved habitat quality and reduced hunting rates at over 80% of field stations and lower operational costs per km2 than protected areas, yet half of those surveyed have less funding now than in 2019. Spatial analyses support field station presence as reducing deforestation. These “earth observatories” provide a high return on investment; we advocate for increased support of field station programs and for governments to support their vital conservation efforts by investing accordingly.
中文翻译：
热带野外观测站可带来高保护投资回报
目前保护资金有限；具有成本效益的保护解决方案至关重要。我们认为，全球数以千计的野外观测站可以在生物多样性保护的第一线发挥关键作用，并具有很高的内在价值。我们评估了实地观测站的保护投资回报并探讨了 COVID-19 的影响。我们调查了热带地区主持灵长类动物研究的实地站的领导者； 56 个国家的 157 个现场站做出了回应。受访者表示，超过 80% 的实地考察站的栖息地质量得到改善，狩猎率降低，每公里2 的运营成本比保护区更低，但一半的受访者目前的资金少于 2019 年。空间分析支持实地考察站的存在减少了森林砍伐。这些“地球观测站”提供了很高的投资回报；我们主张增加对实地站计划的支持，并主张各国政府通过相应投资来支持其重要的保护工作。
更新日期：2024-03-04
中文翻译：
热带野外观测站可带来高保护投资回报
目前保护资金有限；具有成本效益的保护解决方案至关重要。我们认为，全球数以千计的野外观测站可以在生物多样性保护的第一线发挥关键作用，并具有很高的内在价值。我们评估了实地观测站的保护投资回报并探讨了 COVID-19 的影响。我们调查了热带地区主持灵长类动物研究的实地站的领导者； 56 个国家的 157 个现场站做出了回应。受访者表示，超过 80% 的实地考察站的栖息地质量得到改善，狩猎率降低，每公里2 的运营成本比保护区更低，但一半的受访者目前的资金少于 2019 年。空间分析支持实地考察站的存在减少了森林砍伐。这些“地球观测站”提供了很高的投资回报；我们主张增加对实地站计划的支持，并主张各国政府通过相应投资来支持其重要的保护工作。
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