Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a predominant disease of wheat. Due to the lack of disease-resistant germplasm, chemical control is an important means to control wheat scab. Volatile substances produced in near-isogenic wheat lines were detected after inoculation with F. graminearum, and 4-propylphenol, which appears in FHB-resistant lines, was identified. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity tests demonstrate that 4-propylphenol effectively inhibits the mycelial growth of F. graminearum. Metabolomics analysis showed changes in glutathione metabolism, indicating that 4-propylphenol triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress. This was consistent with the increasing ROS levels in Fusarium cells treated with 4-propylphenol. Further results demonstrated that excessive accumulation of ROS induced DNA and cell membrane damage in the mycelium. Moreover, 4-propylphenol showed different degrees of inhibition against other soil-borne pathogens (fungi and oomycetes). These findings illustrated that 4-propylphenol has broad spectrum and high antifungal activity and should be considered for use as an ecological fungicide.

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4-丙基苯酚对小麦赤霉病菌禾谷镰刀菌的抗真菌活性、机制及其潜在应用

赤霉病（FHB）由禾谷镰刀菌引起，是小麦的主要病害。由于缺乏抗病种质，化学防治是防治小麦赤霉病的重要手段。接种禾谷镰刀菌后，检测到近等基因小麦品系产生的挥发性物质，并鉴定出FHB抗性品系中出现的4-丙基苯酚。体外和体内抗真菌活性测试表明，4-丙基苯酚能有效抑制禾谷镰刀菌菌丝生长。代谢组学分析显示谷胱甘肽代谢发生变化，表明 4-丙基苯酚引发活性氧 (ROS) 应激。这与用 4-丙基苯酚处理的镰刀菌细胞中 ROS 水平增加是一致的。进一步的结果表明，ROS的过度积累会引起菌丝体DNA和细胞膜的损伤。此外，4-丙基苯酚对其他土传病原体（真菌和卵菌）表现出不同程度的抑制作用。这些发现表明，4-丙基苯酚具有广谱和高抗真菌活性，应考虑用作生态杀菌剂。