We study how Apple and independent repair service providers used different physical, regulatory, and digital instruments to influence each other’s abilities to control the repair aftermarket of the Apple iPhone between 2007 and 2020. We show how the emergence of digital instruments for enacting control, made possible through emerging functionality for tethering, encryption, and temporary binding implemented in the iPhone itself, was shaped by and shaped the actions of Apple and the independent repair service providers, and led to a dominant tension between encrypted authorization and inscription of control through Apple and collective legal action by independent repair service providers. Our analysis provides a more nuanced understanding of control enactment by highlighting the implications of using different mediums for exercising control, and we provide a new way to understand the dialectics involved in enacting control in digital product aftermarkets. Our study provides insights that can inform the regulation of digital product aftermarkets—in particular, the ongoing debate about rights-to-repair legislation.

中文翻译：

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iRepair 还是我维修？iPhone维修售后市场控制制定的辩证流程分析

我们研究了 Apple 和独立维修服务提供商如何使用不同的物理、监管和数字工具来影响彼此在 2007 年至 2020 年间控制 Apple iPhone 维修售后市场的能力。我们展示了用于制定控制的数字工具的出现如何使得通过 iPhone 本身实现的网络共享、加密和临时绑定等新兴功能，这些功能成为可能，这些功能是由 Apple 和独立维修服务提供商的行为塑造的，并导致了加密授权与 Apple 和独立维修服务提供商的控制铭文之间的主导紧张关系。独立维修服务提供商采取集体法律行动。我们的分析通过强调使用不同媒介进行控制的影响，提供了对控制制定的更细致的理解，并且我们提供了一种新的方法来理解数字产品售后市场中实施控制所涉及的辩证法。我们的研究提供了一些见解，可以为数字产品售后市场的监管提供信息，特别是有关维修权立法的持续辩论。