Advances in systems and synthetic biology have propelled the construction of reduced bacterial genomes. Genome reduction was initially focused on exploring properties of minimal genomes, but more recently it has been deployed as an engineering strategy to enhance strain performance. This review provides the latest updates on reduced genomes, focusing on dual-track approaches of top-down reduction and bottom-up synthesis for their construction. Using cases from studies that are based on established industrial workhorse strains, we discuss the construction of a series of synthetic phenotypes that are candidates for biotechnological applications. Finally, we address the possible uses of reduced genomes for biotechnological applications and the needed future research directions that may ultimately lead to the total synthesis of rationally designed genomes.

中文翻译：

---

从还原到合成：基因组规模合成生物学的主要方法

系统和合成生物学的进步推动了精简细菌基因组的构建。基因组缩减最初专注于探索最小基因组的特性，但最近它已被部署为增强菌株性能的工程策略。这篇综述提供了缩减基因组的最新更新，重点关注自上而下缩减和自下而上合成构建的双轨方法。使用基于已建立的工业主力菌株的研究案例，我们讨论了一系列作为生物技术应用候选的合成表型的构建。最后，我们讨论了减少基因组在生物技术应用中的可能用途，以及最终可能导致合理设计的基因组的全合成所需的未来研究方向。