-norleucine, an isomer of leucine, stimulates the anabolic process of insulin. However, it is not known if and how it improves insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance. This experiment describes the generation of an insulin resistance model using high glucose-induced cells and the administration of 1.0 mmol/L -norleucine for 48 h, to observe the effects on metabolism and gene expression in skeletal muscle cells. The results showed that -norleucine significantly increased mitochondrial ATP content, decreased the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoted the expression of mitochondrial generation-related genes TFAM, AMPK, PGC-1α in cells under high glucose treatment; at the same time, -norleucine also increased glucose uptake, suggesting that -norleucine increased insulin sensitivity and improved insulin resistance. This study suggesting that -norleucine improves insulin resistance by ameliorating oxidative stress damage of mitochondria, improving mitochondrial function, and improving insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle cell caused by high glucose, rather than by altering mitochondrial efficiency.

中文翻译：

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L-正亮氨酸对高葡萄糖诱导的骨骼肌细胞胰岛素敏感性和线粒体功能的影响


-正亮氨酸是亮氨酸的异构体，可刺激胰岛素的合成代谢过程。然而，尚不清楚它是否以及如何改善胰岛素敏感性和胰岛素抵抗。本实验描述了利用高糖诱导细胞产生胰岛素抵抗模型，并给予1.0 mmol/L正亮氨酸48小时，观察对骨骼肌细胞代谢和基因表达的影响。结果表明，高糖处理下的细胞中，β-正亮氨酸显着增加线粒体ATP含量，降低活性氧（ROS）量，促进线粒体生成相关基因TFAM、AMPK、PGC-1α的表达；同时，β-正亮氨酸还能增加葡萄糖的摄取，这表明β-正亮氨酸可以增加胰岛素敏感性，改善胰岛素抵抗。本研究表明，β-正亮氨酸通过改善线粒体氧化应激损伤、改善线粒体功能、提高高糖引起的骨骼肌细胞胰岛素敏感性来改善胰岛素抵抗，而不是通过改变线粒体效率。