This paper examines the socio-ecological implications of reindeer-caribou hybridization during the rise and collapse of the reindeer industry in Alaska. Following their introduction in the late nineteenth century, reindeer populations increased dramatically as herds spread throughout the territory. As populations increased, domesticated reindeer often escaped from their herds and ran off with migratory caribou. By the 1920s, Alaskan wildlife managers and scientists came to view feral reindeer as a form of biological pollution and a threat to the health and purity of the region's wild caribou. Despite divergent evolutionary histories, reindeer and caribou are related at the subspecies level and can interbreed to produce hybridized offspring. I argue that managerial anxieties about reindeer-caribou hybridization were bound up with broader concerns regarding race and related efforts to protect ostensibly pure spaces of wilderness and nature. Throughout the paper, I consider managerial attempts to mitigate reindeer-caribou hybridization in northern Alaska, which included the demarcation and reinforcement of conceptual and spatial boundaries between wild and domesticated forms of life. However, between the late nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, feral reindeer and hybridized caribou repeatedly demonstrated the violability of the biological categories and conceptual boundaries that wildlife managers employed as they sought to order life on the northern tundra.

中文翻译：

---

确保阿拉斯加北部荒野边界的安全，1892 年至 1950 年

本文研究了阿拉斯加驯鹿产业兴衰期间驯鹿与驯鹿杂交的社会生态影响。十九世纪末驯鹿引入后，随着鹿群遍布整个领土，驯鹿数量急剧增加。随着人口的增加，驯养的驯鹿经常逃离鹿群并与迁徙的驯鹿一起逃跑。到了 20 年代，阿拉斯加野生动物管理者和科学家开始将野生驯鹿视为一种生物污染，并对该地区野生驯鹿的健康和纯度构成威胁。尽管进化历史不同，驯鹿和驯鹿在亚种层面上是相关的，并且可以杂交产生杂交后代。我认为，管理人员对驯鹿与驯鹿杂交的焦虑与对种族和保护表面上纯净的荒野和自然空间的相关努力的更广泛担忧密切相关。在整篇论文中，我考虑了减轻阿拉斯加北部驯鹿与驯鹿杂交的管理尝试，其中包括划定和强化野生和驯化生命形式之间的概念和空间界限。然而，在十九世纪末和二十世纪中叶之间，野生驯鹿和杂交驯鹿一再证明了野生动物管理者在寻求在北部苔原上建立生命秩序时所采用的生物类别和概念界限的违反性。