Gambogenic acid is a derivative of gambogic acid, a polyprenylated xanthone isolated from Garcinia hanburyi. Compared with the more widely studied gambogic acid, gambogenic acid has demonstrated advantages such as a more potent antitumor effect and less systemic toxicity than gambogic acid according to early investigations. Therefore, the present review summarizes the effectiveness and mechanisms of gambogenic acid in different cancers and highlights the mechanisms of action. In addition, drug delivery systems to improve the bioavailability of gambogenic acid and its pharmacokinetic profile are included. Gambogenic acid has been applied to treat a wide range of cancers, such as lung, liver, colorectal, breast, gastric, bladder, and prostate cancers. Gambogenic acid exerts its antitumor effects as a novel class of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibitors. It prevents cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis and controlling the cell cycle as well as autophagy. Gambogenic acid also hinders tumor cell invasion and metastasis by downregulating metastasis-related proteins. Moreover, gambogenic acid increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy and has shown effects on multidrug resistance in malignancy. This review adds insights for the prevention and treatment of cancers using gambogenic acid.

Gambogenic Acid 是藤黄酸的衍生物，藤黄酸是一种从Garcinia hanburyi中分离出来的聚异戊二烯化呫吨酮。与更广泛研究的藤黄酸相比，根据早期研究，藤黄酸具有抗肿瘤作用更强、全身毒性更小的优点。因此，本综述总结了藤黄酸在不同癌症中的有效性和机制，并强调了其作用机制。此外，还包括提高藤原酸生物利用度及其药代动力学特征的药物递送系统。藤原酸已用于治疗多种癌症，如肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、胃癌、膀胱癌和前列腺癌。Gambogenic Acid 作为 zeste 同源物 2 抑制剂的一类新型增强剂发挥其抗肿瘤作用。它通过诱导细胞凋亡、铁死亡和坏死性凋亡以及控制细胞周期和自噬来防止癌细胞增殖。藤黄酸还通过下调转移相关蛋白来阻碍肿瘤细胞侵袭和转移。此外，藤黄酸可增加癌细胞对化疗的敏感性，并显示出对恶性肿瘤的多药耐药性的影响。这篇综述增加了使用藤原酸预防和治疗癌症的见解。