Aquaculture plays an important role in meeting human demand for animal protein. Disease is a critical factor that restricts the green and healthy development of aquaculture. Intensive aquaculture practices can increase the susceptibility of aquatic animals to pathogens due to environmental stress. Antibiotics are commonly used for disease prevention and control, but their frequent use in aquaculture can increase the risk of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance gene transmission, posing a threat to the health of aquatic animals and humans. Recent studies have shown that bacteriocins have inhibitory effects on different species of bacteria, fungi and viruses, and can even affect natural resistance structures such as bacterial biofilms, presenting promising prospects as antimicrobial agents. Bacteriocins have potential applications in various fields such as agriculture, food and medicine, but limited research has been conducted on their impact on aquaculture disease prevention and control, and the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. Therefore, this review aims to summarise the classification, sources, preparation methods, antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria and application of bacteriocins as antimicrobial agents in aquaculture disease prevention and control. In addition, limitations of bacteriocin application in aquaculture and future research directions are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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细菌素对多重耐药菌的影响及其在水产养殖病害防治中的应用


水产养殖在满足人类对动物蛋白的需求方面发挥着重要作用。病害是制约水产养殖绿色健康发展的关键因素。由于环境压力，集约化水产养殖会增加水生动物对病原体的易感性。抗生素是疾病预防和控制的常用药物，但在水产养殖中频繁使用会增加耐药细菌和耐药基因传播的风险，对水生动物和人类的健康构成威胁。最近的研究表明，细菌素对不同种类的细菌、真菌和病毒具有抑制作用，甚至可以影响细菌生物膜等自然抵抗结构，作为抗菌剂具有广阔的前景。细菌素在农业、食品、医药等多个领域具有潜在的应用前景，但其对水产养殖病害防治的影响研究有限，其潜在机制有待探索。因此，本文对细菌素的分类、来源、制备方法、对多重耐药菌的抗菌活性以及作为抗菌药物在水产养殖病害防治中的应用进行综述。此外，还讨论了细菌素在水产养殖中应用的局限性和未来的研究方向。