Phosphorus (P) runoff from agriculture exacerbates eutrophication globally. Despite diverse mitigation options, the issue persists, necessitating the evaluation of slow-release fertilizers for crop production to minimize environmental P losses. Struvite, a P-rich, recycled product with low water solubility, holds promise for minimizing off-site environmental impacts. Nevertheless, the specific implications of adopting struvite remain uncertain, due to the limited information on the potential of struvite-based fertilizers to reduce P losses to the environment without compromising agricultural productivity under field conditions. A two-year field study was conducted in Ontario, Canada, to assess the agronomic potential and environmental implications of struvite application to field corn ( L.). Phosphorus fertilization strategies evaluated were a control treatment with no P supplements, a struvite treatment, a monoammonium phosphate treatment (MAP), and a blend of struvite and MAP (where struvite provided 25 % of the P, and MAP provided the remaining 75 %). Both struvite (11.4 Mg ha) and blend (11.5 Mg ha) treatments produced greater grain yields than the control (10.1 Mg ha) when averaged across the years. Grain yields from struvite and struvite/MAP blend treatments were statistically similar to that of MAP (10.7 Mg ha). However, the MAP treatment exhibited a greater vulnerability to P losses through runoff and leaching processes in both growing and non-growing seasons. Soil test P (Olsen and water-extractable P) concentrations remained consistently elevated for the MAP treatments relative to the control treatment. The results from plant, soil, and water components demonstrated the potential of struvite and struvite/MAP blends to support corn growth, while reducing environmental phosphorus losses. These findings are critical for implementing a circular economy within the agriculture sector and promoting the adoption of struvite as an alternative phosphate fertilizer.

中文翻译：

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在大田玉米中施用鸟粪石可降低环境磷流失的风险，同时保持作物产量

农业产生的磷 (P) 径流加剧了全球富营养化。尽管有多种缓解方案，但问题仍然存在，因此有必要对作物生产的缓释肥料进行评估，以尽量减少环境磷的损失。鸟粪石是一种富含磷的低水溶性回收产品，有望最大限度地减少场外环境影响。然而，由于关于鸟粪石肥料在不影响田间条件下农业生产力的情况下减少环境磷损失的潜力的信息有限，因此采用鸟粪石的具体影响仍不确定。在加拿大安大略省进行了一项为期两年的实地研究，以评估鸟粪石应用于大田玉米 (L.) 的农艺潜力和环境影响。评估的磷肥策略包括不添加磷的对照处理、鸟粪石处理、磷酸一铵处理 (MAP) 以及鸟粪石和 MAP 的混合物（其中鸟粪石提供 25% 的磷，MAP 提供剩余的 75%） 。多年平均来看，鸟粪石（11.4 毫克·公顷）和混合（11.5 毫克·公顷）处理的谷物产量均高于对照（10.1 毫克·公顷）。鸟粪石和鸟粪石/MAP 混合处理的谷物产量在统计上与 MAP 相似（10.7 毫克/公顷）。然而，MAP 处理在生长季节和非生长季节都更容易因径流和淋滤过程而损失磷。相对于对照处理，MAP 处理的土壤测试 P（奥尔森磷和水可提取磷）浓度始终保持较高水平。植物、土壤和水成分的结果证明了鸟粪石和鸟粪石/MAP 混合物支持玉米生长、同时减少环境磷损失的潜力。这些发现对于在农业部门实施循环经济和促进采用鸟粪石作为替代磷肥至关重要。