Ecosystem Services Value (ESV) are the various beneficial functions and products that natural ecosystems provide to humans, and are important indicators for evaluating ecosystem conditions and human well-being. Opencast mining is one of the human activities that severely damage the surface environment, but its long-term impact on ecosystem services lacks systematic assessment. This study takes the Ordos opencast mining area as an example, and calculates the value of ESV from 1990 to 2020 based on the Google Earth Engine platform. Mann-Kendall Tau-b with Sen’s Method (Sen + mk test) and Joinpoint regression model were used to analyzes its spatiotemporal variation characteristics. Further revealed the impacts of opencast mining on ESV as well as the trend of ESV changes. The results show that: (1) The dynamic ESV levels in the study area fluctuated considerably from 1990 to 2020 with an overall decreasing trend of 89.45%. (2) Among nine types ecosystem services, most of them were significantly different (p < 0.001) between mining areas and control areas, with biodiversity protection (BP), climate regulation (CR), gas regulation (GR), soil formation and retention (SFR), water supply (WS) and waste treatment (WT) showed a significant decrease between 1990 and 2020. (3) In the past 30 years, the ESV of the study area showed an overall improvement trend, where the improved area accounted for 48.45% of the total area of the study area. However, the degraded area also accounted for 21.28, and 17.19% of the area belonged to severe degradation. With 67% of the significantly degraded areas distributed within mining concessions. (4) The trend of ESV changes in the mining impact areas and the control area showed significant differences. The ESV of the control area increased continuously, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 0.7(95%CI:0.50 ~ 0.9, P < 0.001) from 1990 to 2020; while the ESV of the mining impact areas first stabilized and then decreased significantly, with an AAPC of − 0.2(95%CI:− 0.3 ~ − 0.1,P < 0.001) from 1990 to 2020. This study provides scientific support for formulating ecosystem management, restoration plans, and payment for ecosystem service policies, which is conducive to achieving regional sustainable development and improving human well-being.

生态系统服务价值（ESV）是自然生态系统为人类提供的各种有益功能和产品，是评价生态系统状况和人类福祉的重要指标。露天采矿是严重破坏地表环境的人类活动之一，但其对生态系统服务的长期影响缺乏系统评估。本研究以鄂尔多斯露天矿区为例，基于Google Earth Engine平台计算了1990年至2020年的ESV值。采用Mann-Kendall Tau-b结合Sen法（Sen+mk检验）和Joinpoint回归模型分析其时空变化特征。进一步揭示了露天开采对ESV的影响以及ESV的变化趋势。结果表明：（1）1990—2020年研究区动态ESV水平波动较大，总体呈下降趋势，达89.45%。 （2）9类生态系统服务中，矿区与控制区之间大部分存在显着差异（ p <0.001），包括生物多样性保护（BP）、气候调节（CR）、瓦斯调节（GR）、土壤形成与保持1990—2020年间，供水量（SFR）、供水量（WS）和垃圾处理量（WT）均呈现显着下降趋势。（3）近30年来，研究区ESV总体呈改善趋势，其中改善面积占占研究区总面积的48.45%。但退化面积也占21.28%，其中17.19%的面积属于严重退化。 67% 严重退化的地区分布在采矿特许权范围内。 (4)采矿影响区与控制区ESV变化趋势存在显着差异。 对照区ESV持续上升，1990-2020年平均年变化百分比（AAPC）为0.7（95%CI：0.50~0.9， P < 0.001）；采矿影响区的ESV先稳定后显着下降，1990-2020年AAPC为−0.2（95%CI：−0.3~−0.1， P <0.001）。本研究为制定生态系统管理提供科学支撑、恢复计划和生态系统服务付费政策，有利于实现区域可持续发展和改善人类福祉。