Aerogels have attracted strong research interest for use in harsh environmental conditions due to their ultra-low density, low thermal conductivity, and high specific surface area. However, long-term applications for sol-gel-based aerogels remain limited due to their poor mechanical properties. For this reason, MXene-based aerogels derived from two-dimensional nanosheets have received significant research attention due to their unique structure, outstanding electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. In this review, a timely and systematic overview of recent advances in polymer-incorporated MXene aerogels, from their synthesis to use in practical applications, is provided. In particular, state-of-the-art MXene synthesis strategies and the performance of different types of polymer-crosslinked MXene aerogels are discussed, followed by a description of their multifunctional applications in sensors, energy storage and conversion processes, thermal management, electromagnetic interference shielding, and water purification. The properties of polymer- incorporated MXene aerogels fabricated using conducting, non-conducting, bio-, and synthetic polymers are thoroughly described, and the strengths and limitations of this class of aerogel and potential future developments are also addressed.

中文翻译：

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聚合物掺入 MXene 气凝胶：合成、分类和性能


气凝胶由于其超低密度、低导热率和高比表面积，在恶劣环境条件下的使用引起了人们的强烈研究兴趣。然而，由于溶胶-凝胶基气凝胶的机械性能较差，其长期应用仍然受到限制。因此，源自二维纳米片的MXene基气凝胶因其独特的结构、出色的导电性和机械性能而受到了广泛的研究关注。在这篇综述中，及时、系统地概述了聚合物掺入 MXene 气凝胶从合成到实际应用的最新进展。特别讨论了最先进的 MXene 合成策略和不同类型聚合物交联 MXene 气凝胶的性能，然后描述了它们在传感器、能量存储和转换过程、热管理、电磁干扰等方面的多功能应用屏蔽和水净化。详细描述了使用导电、非导电、生物和合成聚合物制造的聚合物混合 MXene 气凝胶的特性，并讨论了此类气凝胶的优点和局限性以及未来潜在的发展。