<br>N2 分子电合成 NH3：进展、挑战和未来展望,Journal of the American Chemical Society

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N2 分子电合成 NH3：进展、挑战和未来展望
Journal of the American Chemical Society ( IF 14.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 , DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11676
Yongwen Ren ₁ , Shaofeng Li ₂ , Chang Yu ₁ , Yihan Zheng ₁ , Cheng Wang ₁ , Bingzhi Qian ₁ , Linshan Wang ₁ , Wenhui Fang ₃ , Ying Sun ₄ , Jieshan Qiu ₃

Affiliation

利用可再生电力分解近乎无限的氮（N ₂ ）分子而制成的绿色氨（NH ₃ ）是重要的平台分子，也是推动人类社会可持续发展而不排放二氧化碳的理想燃料。 NH ₃电合成领域目前面临产率低、效率低的困境；然而，解耦该领域的重叠问题并为其发展方向提供指导并非易事，因为它涉及复杂的反应过程和多学科条目（例如电化学、催化、界面、过程等）。在本视角中，我们介绍了基于反应过程的NH ₃电合成的分类方案，即直接（N ₂还原反应）和间接电合成（Li介导/等离子体驱动的NH ₃电合成）。这种分类使我们能够精细地解耦复杂的反应途径，并确定每种合成方法的具体速率决定步骤/瓶颈问题，例如 N ₂活化、H ₂析出副反应、固体电解质界面工程、等离子体工艺等。然后从电催化剂、电极、电解质、电解槽等整个电化学体系详细概述了解决这些核心问题的最新进展。最后，我们讨论了NH ₃发展的研究热点和有前景的策略未来的电合成具有原子机制、纳米级电催化剂、微米级电极/界面和宏观电解器/过程的多尺度视角。预计该观点将为读者提供对瓶颈问题的深入理解和设计高效NH ₃电合成系统的深刻指导。

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NH3 Electrosynthesis from N2 Molecules: Progresses, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Green ammonia (NH₃), made by using renewable electricity to split nearly limitless nitrogen (N₂) molecules, is a vital platform molecule and an ideal fuel to drive the sustainable development of human society without carbon dioxide emission. The NH₃ electrosynthesis field currently faces the dilemma of low yield rate and efficiency; however, decoupling the overlapping issues of this area and providing guidelines for its development directions are not trivial because it involves complex reaction process and multidisciplinary entries (for example, electrochemistry, catalysis, interfaces, processes, etc.). In this Perspective, we introduce a classification scheme for NH₃ electrosynthesis based on the reaction process, namely, direct (N₂ reduction reaction) and indirect electrosynthesis (Li-mediated/plasma-enabled NH₃ electrosynthesis). This categorization allows us to finely decouple the complicated reaction pathways and identify the specific rate-determining steps/bottleneck issues for each synthesis approach such as N₂ activation, H₂ evolution side reaction, solid-electrolyte interphase engineering, plasma process, etc. We then present a detailed overview of the latest progresses on solving these core issues in terms of the whole electrochemical system covering the electrocatalysts, electrodes, electrolytes, electrolyzers, etc. Finally, we discuss the research focuses and the promising strategies for the development of NH₃ electrosynthesis in the future with a multiscale perspective of atomistic mechanisms, nanoscale electrocatalysts, microscale electrodes/interfaces, and macroscale electrolyzers/processes. It is expected that this Perspective will provide the readers with an in-depth understanding of the bottleneck issues and insightful guidance on designing the efficient NH₃ electrosynthesis systems.

更新日期：2024-02-27

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