Accumulation of Arsenic (As) generates oxidative stress by reducing nutrients availability in plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis can impart metalloid tolerance in plants by enhancing the synthesis of sulfur (S)-rich peptides (glutathione- GSH) and low-molecular-weight nitrogenous (N) osmolytes (proline- Pro). The present study, therefore investigated the efficiency of 3 AM fungal species (Rhizoglomus intraradices-Ri, Funneliformis mosseae -Fm and Claroideoglomus claroideum- Cc) in imparting As (arsenate-AsV −40 at 60 mg kg⁻¹ and arsenite- AsIII at 5 and 10 mg kg⁻¹) tolerance in two Cicer arietinum (chickpea) genotypes (HC 3 and C 235). As induced significantly higher negative impacts in roots than shoots, which was in accordance with proportionately higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the former, with AsIII more toxic than AsV. Mycorrhizal symbiosis overcame oxidative stress by providing the host plants with necessary nutrients (P, N, and S) through enhanced microbial enzyme activities (MEAs) in soil, which increased the synthesis of Pro and GSH and established a redox balance in the two genotypes. This coordination between nutrient status, Pro-GSH levels, and antioxidant defense was stronger in HC 3 than C 235 due to its higher responsiveness to the three AM species. However, Ri was most beneficial in inducing redox homeostasis, followed by Fm and Cc, since the Cicer arietinum-Ri combination displayed the maximum ability to boost antioxidant defense mechanisms and establish a coordination with Pro synthesis. Thus, the results highlighted the importance of selecting specific chickpea genotypes having an ability to establish effective mycorrhizal symbiosis for imparting As stress tolerance.

砷 (As) 的积累会降低植物中养分的利用率，从而产生氧化应激。丛枝菌根 (AM) 共生可以通过增强富含硫 (S) 的肽（谷胱甘肽 - GSH）和低分子量含氮 (N) 渗透剂（脯氨酸 - Pro）的合成来赋予植物耐受类金属的能力。因此，本研究调查了 3 种 AM 真菌（根内根球菌-Ri、 Funneliformis mosseae -Fm 和Claroideoglomus claroideum - Cc）在传递 As（砷酸盐-AsV -40，60 mg kg ^-1和亚砷酸盐- AsIII，5）的效率。和 10 mg kg ^-1 ) 两种Cicer arietinum （鹰嘴豆）基因型（HC 3 和 C 235）的耐受性。 As 对根部的负面影响显着高于地上部，这与根部的活性氧 (ROS) 比例较高相一致，而 AsIII 比 AsV 的毒性更大。菌根共生通过增强土壤中的微生物酶活性（MEA）为宿主植物提供必需的养分（P、N和S）来克服氧化应激，从而增加Pro和GSH的合成，并在两种基因型中建立氧化还原平衡。 HC 3 中营养状态、Pro-GSH 水平和抗氧化防御之间的协调性比 C 235 更强，因为它对三种 AM 物种的响应性更高。然而，Ri 在诱导氧化还原稳态方面最有利，其次是 Fm 和 Cc，因为 Cicer arietinum-Ri 组合显示出增强抗氧化防御机制并与 Pro 合成建立协调的最大能力。 因此，结果强调了选择能够建立有效菌根共生以赋予 As 胁迫耐受性的特定鹰嘴豆基因型的重要性。