Plant diversification contributes to the ecological intensification of agroecosystems through pest biocontrol services provision. However, the existing evidence for the effectiveness of plant diversification in enhancing pest biocontrol services is highly uncertain across features of plant diversity and biodiversity characteristics. We undertook a comparative meta-analysis focusing on three essential crops (wheat, maize, and soybean) to investigate how diversification schemes in-field (intercropping) and Agri-environmental scheme (AES) around the field (flower strip, hedgerow and field margin) affect arthropod abundance. A random effects analysis was used to determine the role of 10 key factors underlying the effectiveness of plant diversification including biodiversity level and habitat, main and companion plant species, intercropping arrangement, the growth stage of the main crops, type of AES planting scheme, AES planting width, distance from AES plantings and geographical latitude. The overall results revealed that intercropping reduced herbivore and boosted predators and parasitoids abundance significantly, while AES successfully increased predators but not herbivores. Maize intercropping with legume and non-legume plants and row intercropping allowed for effective pest management. The abundance of predators increased in wheat fields immediately adjacent to planting around the field (AES), but this effect declined beyond 5 m from the flower strips. Our results suggest that the response of arthropod abundance to plant diversification is a compromise between spatial management scale, ecological characteristics of arthropod and plant diversification features. These results offer promising pathways for optimizing plant diversification schemes that include functional farm biodiversity across spatial and temporal scales and designing multi-functional landscapes.

植物多样化通过提供害虫生物防治服务有助于农业生态系统的生态集约化。然而，植物多样化在增强害虫生物防治服务方面的有效性的现有证据在植物多样性和生物多样性特征方面高度不确定。我们对三种重要作物（小麦、玉米和大豆）进行了比较荟萃分析，以研究田间多样化计划（间作）和田间农业环境计划（AES）（花条、树篱和田边） ）影响节肢动物的丰度。采用随机效应分析确定了植物多样化有效性的10个关键因素的作用，包括生物多样性水平和生境、主要和伴生植物种类、间作安排、主要作物的生长阶段、AES种植方案类型、AES种植宽度、距 AES 种植的距离和地理纬度。总体结果表明，间作减少了食草动物，并显着增加了捕食者和寄生生物的丰度，而 AES 成功地增加了捕食者，但没有增加食草动物。玉米与豆科植物和非豆科植物间作以及行间作可实现有效的害虫防治。在紧邻田间种植 (AES) 的麦田中，捕食者的丰度增加，但距离花条 5 m 以外，这种影响下降。我们的研究结果表明，节肢动物丰度对植物多样性的响应是空间管理规模、节肢动物生态特征和植物多样性特征之间的折衷。这些结果为优化植物多样化方案提供了有前景的途径，包括跨空间和时间尺度的功能性农场生物多样性以及设计多功能景观。