Aspergillus flavus is an agriculturally significant micro-fungus having potential to contaminate food and feed crops with toxic secondary metabolites such as aflatoxin (AF) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). Research has shown A. flavus strains can overcome heterokaryon incompatibility and undergo meiotic recombination as teleomorphs. Although evidence of recombination in the AF gene cluster has been reported, the impacts of recombination on genotype and metabolomic phenotype in a single generation are lacking. In previous studies, we paired an aflatoxigenic MAT1-1 A. flavus strain with a non-aflatoxigenic MAT1-2 A. flavus strain that had been tagged with green fluorescent protein and then 10 F1 progenies (a mix of fluorescent and non-fluorescent) were randomly selected from single-ascospore colonies and broadly examined for evidence of recombination. In this study, we determined four of those 10 F1 progenies were recombinants because they were not vegetatively compatible with either parent or their siblings, and they exhibited other distinctive traits that could only result from meiotic recombination. The other six progenies examined shared genomic identity with the non-aflatoxigenic, fluorescent, and MAT1-2 parent, but were metabolically distinct. This study highlights phenotypic and genomic changes that may occur in a single generation from the outcrossing of sexually compatible strains of A. flavus.

中文翻译：

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黄曲霉家族种群内的基因组和代谢组多样性

黄曲霉是一种农业上重要的微真菌，有可能通过黄曲霉毒素 (AF) 和环吡嗪酸 (CPA) 等有毒次生代谢物污染粮食和饲料作物。研究表明，黄曲霉菌株可以克服异核不相容性，并作为有性型进行减数分裂重组。尽管已经报道了 AF 基因簇重组的证据，但缺乏重组对单代基因型和代谢组表型的影响。在之前的研究中，我们将产黄曲霉毒素MAT1 -1黄曲霉菌株与用绿色荧光蛋白标记的非黄曲霉毒素MAT1 -2黄曲霉菌株配对，然后配对 10 个 F1 后代（荧光和非荧光的混合物）从单个子囊孢子菌落中随机选择并广泛检查重组的证据。在这项研究中，我们确定这 10 个 F1 后代中有 4 个是重组体，因为它们与亲本或其兄弟姐妹在营养上不相容，并且它们表现出只能由减数分裂重组产生的其他独特性状。其他六个后代与非黄曲霉毒素、荧光和MAT1 -2 亲本具有相同的基因组同一性，但代谢上不同。这项研究强调了黄曲霉有性亲和菌株异交可能在单代中发生的表型和基因组变化。
黄曲霉是一种农业上重要的微真菌，有可能通过黄曲霉毒素 (AF) 和环吡嗪酸 (CPA) 等有毒次生代谢物污染粮食和饲料作物。研究表明，黄曲霉菌株可以克服异核不相容性，并作为有性型进行减数分裂重组。尽管已经报道了 AF 基因簇重组的证据，但缺乏重组对单代基因型和代谢组表型的影响。在之前的研究中，我们将产黄曲霉毒素 MAT1-1 黄曲霉菌株与用绿色荧光蛋白标记的非黄曲霉毒素 MAT1-2 黄曲霉菌株配对，然后配对 10 个 F1 后代（荧光和非荧光的混合）从单个子囊孢子菌落中随机选择并广泛检查重组的证据。在这项研究中，我们确定这 10 个 F1 后代中有 4 个是重组体，因为它们与亲本或其兄弟姐妹在营养上不相容，并且它们表现出只能由减数分裂重组产生的其他独特性状。其他 6 个后代与非黄曲霉毒素、荧光和 MAT1-2 亲本具有相同的基因组同一性，但代谢上不同。这项研究强调了黄曲霉有性亲和菌株异交可能在单代中发生的表型和基因组变化。