Animals must sense and acclimatize to environmental temperatures for survival, yet their thermosensing mechanisms other than transient receptor potential (TRP) channels remain poorly understood. We identify a trimeric G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), SRH-40, which confers thermosensitivity in sensory neurons regulating temperature acclimatization in Caenorhabditis elegans. Systematic knockdown of 1000 GPCRs by RNAi reveals GPCRs involved in temperature acclimatization, among which srh-40 is highly expressed in the ADL sensory neuron, a temperature-responsive chemosensory neuron, where TRP channels act as accessorial thermoreceptors. In vivo Ca²⁺ imaging demonstrates that an srh-40 mutation reduced the temperature sensitivity of ADL, resulting in supranormal temperature acclimatization. Ectopically expressing SRH-40 in a non-warmth-sensing gustatory neuron confers temperature responses. Moreover, temperature-dependent SRH-40 activation is reconstituted in Drosophila S2R+ cells. Overall, SRH-40 may be involved in thermosensory signaling underlying temperature acclimatization. We propose a dual thermosensing machinery through a GPCR and TRP channels in a single sensory neuron.

动物必须感知并适应环境温度才能生存，但除了瞬时受体电位 (TRP) 通道之外，它们的热传感机制仍然知之甚少。我们鉴定了一种三聚体 G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCR) SRH-40，它赋予感觉神经元热敏感性，调节秀丽隐杆线虫的温度适应。通过 RNAi 系统性敲除 1000 个 GPCR，揭示了参与温度适应的 GPCR，其中srh-40在 ADL 感觉神经元（一种温度响应化学感觉神经元）中高表达，其中 TRP 通道充当辅助温度感受器。体内 Ca ²⁺成像表明srh-40突变降低了 ADL 的温度敏感性，导致超常温度适应。在非温感味觉神经元中异位表达 SRH-40 会产生温度反应。此外，果蝇S2R+ 细胞中重建了温度依赖性 SRH-40 激活。总体而言，SRH-40 可能参与温度适应过程中的热感应信号传导。我们提出了一种通过单个感觉神经元中的 GPCR 和 TRP 通道的双热敏机制。