The intensification of efforts by state and nonstate actors to address issues affecting global health has produced a patchwork of transnational regulatory governance. Within this field, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are expected to perform authoritative roles in holding business actors to account and enhance the democratic legitimacy of institutions via their participation in governance processes. While there exists a large body of conceptual and empirical research on global business regulation and private authority, we surprisingly know little about the governance functions of NGOs engaged in influencing the practices of corporations that produce health-harming commodities. This knowledge gap is especially pronounced in the issue area of noncommunicable diseases. This article begins to address this gap by mapping the networks of NGOs that engage in regulatory activities (rule-setting, monitoring, and enforcement) related to the (ultra)processed food and alcohol industries. We identify the networks of NGOs involved in global policy making across health, regulatory standards, and multistakeholder initiatives using nonstate actor submissions to consultations held by World Health Organization, UN Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), and the UN Global Compact. This paper examines NGO governance functions and their patterns of engagement and participation across institutional spheres. Overall, the article makes a twofold contribution to existing debates. First, we identify the governance functions through which NGOs attempt to hold corporations to account, contrasting their “watchdog” function with other governance functions. Second, we examine the representation of NGOs, highlighting asymmetries in participation of NGOs in the Global North and South.

中文翻译：

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非政府组织与跨国酒精和超加工食品行业的全球商业监管

国家和非国家行为者加大努力解决影响全球健康的问题，产生了跨国监管治理的拼凑。在这一领域，非政府组织 (NGO) 有望发挥权威作用，让企业参与者承担责任，并通过参与治理流程来增强机构的民主合法性。尽管存在大量关于全球商业监管和私人权威的概念和实证研究，但令人惊讶的是，我们对参与影响生产有害健康商品的企业实践的非政府组织的治理职能知之甚少。这种知识差距在非传染性疾病问题领域尤其明显。本文首先通过绘制参与（超）加工食品和酒精行业相关监管活动（规则制定、监督和执行）的非政府组织网络来解决这一差距。我们利用非国家行为者向世界卫生组织、联合国食品法典委员会 (Codex) 和联合国全球契约举行的磋商提交的意见，确定了参与卫生、监管标准和多利益相关方倡议等全球政策制定的非政府组织网络。本文探讨了非政府组织的治理职能及其跨机构领域的参与和参与模式。总的来说，这篇文章对现有的辩论做出了双重贡献。首先，我们确定非政府组织试图让企业承担责任的治理职能，并将其“监督”职能与其他治理职能进行对比。其次，我们研究了非政府组织的代表性，强调了全球南北非政府组织参与的不对称性。