In this study the mechanical anisotropy of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) 316L stainless steel under tensile, compressive, and shear loading in different orientations with respect to the build direction is investigated. Experimental analysis revealed a moderate degree of anisotropy, which is mainly attributed to the build direction. In addition, the mechanical properties were seen to be dependent on the stress state, as evidenced by the tension-compression asymmetry. The anisotropy and asymmetry can be explained by various microstructural factors with texture orientation being one of the most significant. To incorporate such material behavior in structural analysis, a phenomenological model for anisotropic plasticity and tension-compression asymmetry was proposed and calibrated for additive 316L steel. The flexibility of the model allows it to be applied using a mechanical test set on uniaxial loading, and further enhancements may rely on data for combined stress state. The model was calibrated based on FEA of samples loading and fit well all experimental curves, though factors such as residual stresses and test imperfections could introduce some discrepancies.

在本研究中，研究了激光粉末床熔合 (LPBF) 316L 不锈钢在相对于构建方向的不同方向的拉伸、压缩和剪切载荷下的机械各向异性。实验分析显示出中等程度的各向异性，这主要归因于构建方向。此外，机械性能被认为取决于应力状态，拉压不对称证明了这一点。各向异性和不对称性可以通过各种微观结构因素来解释，其中纹理取向是最重要的因素之一。为了将这种材料行为纳入结构分析中，提出了一种针对增材 316L 钢的各向异性塑性和拉压不对称性的唯象模型并进行了校准。该模型的灵活性使其可以使用单轴载荷的机械测试装置进行应用，并且进一步的增强可能依赖于组合应力状态的数据。该模型根据样品加载的有限元分析进行校准，并且很好地拟合了所有实验曲线，尽管残余应力和测试缺陷等因素可能会引入一些差异。