This article proposes a duplex model for understanding giftedness. The first part of the duplex is the set of gifted skills and attitudes that one possesses as a result of heredity, the environment, and their interaction. It is the input that one has acquired from one’s life experiences. The second part of the duplex is the utilization or deployment of gifted skills and attitudes. On this view, giftedness, like intelligence, in practice heavily depends upon one’s attitudes toward deployment of abilities, not just the abilities themselves. It is the output that one gifts back to the world. Someone may possess giftedness in the first part of the duplex but give very little back in the second part. Alternatively, someone may make gifted contributions but not be identified as having the characteristics usually associated with giftedness. This can result because giftedness can be either trait-like or state-like. Some people act in gifted ways as a function of their interactions with tasks and situations, although they would not have been predicted to be individuals who would act that way. A full model should allow both for input and output—giftedness as a possession but also giftedness as it is deployed to make the world a better place.

中文翻译：

---

天赋的双重模型

本文提出了一个理解天赋的双重模型。双工的第一部分是一个人由于遗传、环境及其相互作用而拥有的一套天赋技能和态度。它是一个人从生活经历中获得的输入。双工的第二部分是利用或部署天赋技能和态度。按照这种观点，天赋和智力一样，实际上在很大程度上取决于一个人对能力运用的态度，而不仅仅是能力本身。这是一个人回馈世界的产出。有些人可能在复式的第一部分拥有天赋，但在第二部分却几乎没有回报。或者，某人可能做出了有天赋的贡献，但不被认为具有通常与天赋相关的特征。之所以会出现这种情况，是因为天赋可以是特质型的，也可以是状态型的。有些人在与任务和情境的互动中表现出有天赋的行为方式，尽管他们不会被预测为会这样做的人。一个完整的模型应该允许输入和输出——天赋是一种财产，但也应该是天赋，因为它被用来让世界变得更美好。