Our meta-analysis investigates the environmental sustainability performance of family firms (FFs) distinguishing between environmental hand- and footprint and accounting for FF heterogeneity. Based on a sample of 87 primary studies comprising 118,538 firms, we find no significant difference between FFs and non-FFs regarding their overall environmental sustainability performance. Yet, distinguishing between environmental hand- and footprint, we show that FFs have a lower footprint than non-FFs but do not differ regarding their handprint. Firm size, being a public firm, and type of family involvement moderate the effects of FF status on environmental sustainability performance. Our research note extends prior meta-analytical evidence and contributes to a more fine-grained and nuanced understanding of the environmental sustainability performance of FFs. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

中文翻译：

---

家族企业的环境可持续性：手印和足迹的荟萃分析

我们的荟萃分析调查了家族企业 (FF) 的环境可持续性绩效，区分了环境手工和足迹，并解释了 FF 的异质性。基于涵盖 118,538 家公司的 87 项初步研究样本，我们发现 FF 和非 FF 之间的整体环境可持续性表现没有显着差异。然而，通过区分环境手印和足迹，我们发现 FF 的足迹低于非 FF，但其手印没有差异。公司规模、是否为上市公司以及家族参与类型会调节 FF 状态对环境可持续性绩效的影响。我们的研究报告扩展了之前的荟萃分析证据，有助于对FF的环境可持续性绩效有更细致和细致的了解。讨论了理论和管理意义。