Violence against youth is a global issue impacting millions each year. Increasingly, research has focused on studying those impacted by multiple forms of violence, or polyvictims. Evidence strongly suggests that polyvictimized youth tend to have worse physical and mental health outcomes than those who have experienced single forms of violence. Moreover, minoritized youth (i.e., racial and/or sexual minority youth, youth with disabilities) are more likely to experience polyvictimization, making this a social justice and equity concern. To date, there is no universal consensus on what exactly constitutes polyvictimization. This systematic review aims to examine the ways in which polyvictimization is being studied to inform both research and practice. As such, relevant databases were searched to amass the extant literature related to youth polyvictimization internationally. Empirical studies published since 2006 that focused on youth (under age 18) polyvictimization were included. After the review process, 264 studies met eligibility criteria, however 55 studies employed person-centered/finite mixture analyses and were removed for a separate review, resulting in 209 featured in the current systematic review. Results demonstrate that researchers are defining and operationalizing polyvictimization in different ways: (a) using individual victimization event counts; (b) employing domain-based counts; and (c) taking a “highest-victimized” percentage of their sample. The most used measurement tool was the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire, though other validated tools and researcher-constructed questions were frequently utilized. Research on polyvictimization is burgeoning worldwide; however, this research is being conducted in disparate ways, making it difficult to compare findings and further advance the field.

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青少年多重受害的概念和实施的系统回顾

针对青少年的暴力是一个全球性问题，每年影响数百万人。研究越来越多地集中于研究那些受到多种形式暴力影响的人或多受害者。有证据强烈表明，遭受多重受害者的青少年往往比经历过单一形式暴力的青少年的身心健康状况更差。此外，少数群体青年（即种族和/或性别少数青年、残疾青年）更有可能遭受多重受害者，这使得这成为社会正义和公平问题。迄今为止，对于多重受害的具体构成还没有达成普遍共识。本系统综述旨在探讨多重受害现象的研究方式，为研究和实践提供信息。因此，我们检索了相关数据库，收集了国际上与青少年多重受害相关的现有文献。其中包括自 2006 年以来发表的针对青少年（18 岁以下）多重受害问题的实证研究。审查过程结束后，264 项研究符合资格标准，但 55 项研究采用了以人为中心/有限混合分析，并被删除以进行单独审查，从而导致 209 项研究出现在当前的系统审查中。结果表明，研究人员正在以不同的方式定义和实施多重受害：(a) 使用个人受害事件计数；(b) 采用基于域的计数；(c) 抽取样本中“受害最严重”的百分比。最常用的测量工具是青少年受害调查问卷，但也经常使用其他经过验证的工具和研究人员构建的问题。关于多重受害问题的研究正在世界范围内蓬勃发展；然而，这项研究是以不同的方式进行的，因此很难比较研究结果并进一步推进该领域。