Selective cytotoxic effects of nitrogen-doped graphene coated mixed iron oxide nanoparticles on HepG2 as a new potential therapeutic approach,Nanoscale Research Letters

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Selective cytotoxic effects of nitrogen-doped graphene coated mixed iron oxide nanoparticles on HepG2 as a new potential therapeutic approach
Nanoscale Research Letters ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 , DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-03977-y
Zeynep Demir ₁ , Berkay Sungur ₂ , Edip Bayram ₃ , Aysun Özkan ₄

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New selective therapeutics are needed for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the 7th most common cancer. In this study, we compared the cytotoxic effect induced by the release of pH-dependent iron nanoparticles from nitrogen-doped graphene-coated mixed iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe_xO_y/N-GN) with the cytotoxic effect of nitrogen-doped graphene (N-GN) and commercial graphene nanoflakes (GN) in Hepatoma G2 (HepG2) cells and healthy cells. The cytotoxic effect of nanocomposites (2.5–100 ug/ml) on HepG2 and healthy fibroblast (BJ) cells (12–48 h) was measured by Cell Viability assay, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was calculated. After the shortest (12 h) and longest incubation (48 h) incubation periods in HepG2 cells, IC₅₀ values of Fe_xO_y/N-GN were calculated as 21.95 to 2.11 µg.mL⁻¹, IC₅₀ values of N-GN were calculated as 39.64 to 26.47 µg.mL⁻¹ and IC₅₀ values of GN were calculated as 49.94 to 29.94, respectively. After 48 h, Fe_xO_y/N-GN showed a selectivity index (SI) of 10.80 for HepG2/BJ cells, exceeding the SI of N-GN (1.27) by about 8.5-fold. The high cytotoxicity of FexOy/N-GN was caused by the fact that liver cancer cells have many transferrin receptors and time-dependent pH changes in their microenvironment increase iron release. This indicates the potential of Fe_xO_y/N-GN as a new selective therapeutic.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

氮掺杂石墨烯包覆的混合氧化铁纳米颗粒对 HepG2 的选择性细胞毒作用是一种新的潜在治疗方法

肝细胞癌（HCC）是第七大常见癌症，需要新的选择性疗法。在这项研究中，我们比较了氮掺杂石墨烯涂层的混合氧化铁纳米颗粒（Fe_xO_y/N-GN）释放 pH 依赖性铁纳米颗粒诱导的细胞毒作用与氮掺杂石墨烯（N-GN）和商业石墨烯纳米片（GN）在肝癌 G2 （HepG2）细胞和健康细胞中的细胞毒作用。通过细胞活力测定法测量纳米复合材料（2.5-100 ug/ml）对 HepG2 和健康成纤维细胞（BJ）细胞（12-48 h）的细胞毒作用，并计算半数最大抑制浓度（IC₅₀）。在 HepG2 细胞中最短（12 小时）和最长孵育期（48 小时）孵育期后，Fe_xO_y/N-GN 的 IC₅₀ 值计算为 21.95 至 2.11 μ ^{g.mL-1，N-GN} 的 IC₅₀ 值计算为 39.64 至 26.47 μ ^g.mL-1，GN 的 IC₅₀ 值计算为 49.94 至 29.94，分别。48 小时后，Fe_xO_y/N-GN 对 HepG2/BJ 细胞的选择性指数（SI）为 10.80，比 N-GN 的 SI （1.27）高出约 8.5 倍。FexOy/N-GN 的高细胞毒性是由于肝癌细胞具有许多转铁蛋白受体，并且其微环境中的时间依赖性 pH 变化会增加铁的释放。这表明 Fe_xO_y/N-GN 作为一种新的选择性治疗剂的潜力。

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更新日期：2024-02-22

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