In response to escalating environmental concerns and stringent economic constraints, there is an urgent need to develop aircraft technologies and configurations that substantially enhance efficiency. A prominent trend in aircraft design aimed at minimizing lift-induced drag, improving fuel efficiency, and mitigating emissions is the adoption of increased wing Aspect Ratio (AR). This paper examines the evolution and current advancements in High Aspect Ratio Wing (HARW) and Ultra-High Aspect Ratio Wing (UHARW) configurations for next-generation transport aircraft. Beginning with a historical overview of wing AR in transport, the paper examines the progress in designing both conventional and novel HARW/UHARW configurations. It reviews a range of promising concepts, such as strut-braced wing, truss-braced wing, twin-fuselage, and folding wingtips, for their potential in HARW applications. The paper emphasizes tailored conceptual design methods and tools specifically developed for HARW/UHARW configurations. It provides an in-depth analysis of preliminary design approaches for HARW aircraft, systematically covering aspects including aerodynamic, aeroelastic, aerostructural, and experimental designs. Key insights from leading-edge research are distilled, highlighting the significant advancements and pinpointing the current challenges in the field. The comprehensive review underscores the critical role of HARW/UHARW in enhancing aircraft performance, particularly in fuel efficiency and environmental impact, setting the stage for future transformative developments in aircraft efficiency.

中文翻译：

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设计高展弦比机翼：概念和方法回顾

为了应对不断升级的环境问题和严格的经济限制，迫切需要开发能够大幅提高效率的飞机技术和配置。旨在最大限度地减少升力引起的阻力、提高燃油效率和减少排放的飞机设计的一个突出趋势是采用增加的机翼展弦比 (AR)。本文探讨了下一代运输机高展弦比机翼 (HARW) 和超高展弦比机翼 (UHARW) 配置的演变和当前进展。本文从机翼 AR 在运输中的历史概述开始，研究了传统和新型 HARW/UHARW 配置的设计进展。它回顾了一系列有前途的概念，例如支柱支撑机翼、桁架支撑机翼、双机身和折叠翼尖，以了解它们在 HARW 应用中的潜力。本文强调专门为 HARW/UHARW 配置开发的定制概念设计方法和工具。它对HARW飞机的初步设计方法进行了深入分析，系统地涵盖了空气动力学、气动弹性、航空结构和实验设计等方面。来自前沿研究的关键见解被提炼出来，强调了重大进展并指出了该领域当前的挑战。全面审查强调了HARW/UHARW在提高飞机性能方面的关键作用，特别是在燃油效率和环境影响方面，为未来飞机效率的变革性发展奠定了基础。