This study investigates the feasibility of long-haul electric truck (e-truck) adoption as a competitive alternative to diesel trucks from a truck carrier’s point of view, which can shed light on policy to boost e-truck adoption for policy makers. Specifically, we propose a total operating cost optimization model called an e-truck routing and driver scheduling problem with coordinated charging schedule (eTRDSP-CS) to find optimal charging schedules – when and where to charge – for long-haul e-trucks. We then apply it to four interstate corridors of various distances in the U.S. highway system and compare the operating cost and energy use with the diesel truck counterparts. The results show that while it is technologically feasible to facilitate long-haul e-truck operation on the interstate highways, the prolonged journey time (between 16 and 32 %) due to charging and the high initial adoption cost remain key obstacles for adoption from a fleet carrier’s point of view. Every hour of revenue time requires an additional 19 to 25 min for charging (non-revenue time). On the other hand, long-haul e-truck provides over 43 % energy saving from diesel truck, which has significant implications for environmental sustainability.

中文翻译：

---

在长途运营中，电动卡车是否可以替代柴油卡车？

本研究从卡车承运商的角度调查了采用长途电动卡车（e-truck）作为柴油卡车的竞争替代品的可行性，这可以为政策制定者提供促进电动卡车采用的政策启示。具体来说，我们提出了一种总运营成本优化模型，称为具有协调充电时间表的电动卡车路线和驾驶员调度问题（eTRDSP-CS），以找到长途电动卡车的最佳充电时间表（何时何地充电）。然后，我们将其应用于美国高速公路系统中不同距离的四个州际走廊，并将运营成本和能源使用与柴油卡车同行进行比较。结果表明，虽然在州际高速公路上促进长途电动卡车运营在技术上是可行的，但由于充电而导致的行程时间延长（16% 至 32% 之间）以及高昂的初始采用成本仍然是电动卡车在州际高速公路上采用的主要障碍。舰队承运商的观点。每每小时的收入时间需要额外 19 至 25 分钟的充电时间（非收入时间）。另一方面，长途电动卡车比柴油卡车节能 43% 以上，这对环境可持续发展具有重大影响。