In this research, we conducted two studies to validate a multidimensional scale of fan engagement behavior. In Study 1, we generated survey items through a systematic review of the relevant literature, collected data from fans of professional baseball (n = 319) and soccer (n = 301), and provided evidence for the construct and concurrent validity of the scale composed of six dimensions. In Study 2, we reassessed construct validity in professional baseball (n = 582) and found that fan engagement behavior was represented by the proposed six dimensions with a final list of 21 items. Further, our predictive analysis throughout a season showed that fan engagement behavior fully mediated the relationship between predictor (team identification and awareness of fan engagement initiatives) and outcome variables (media viewing frequency, attendance frequency, and flourishing). The developed scale advances our understanding of fans’ voluntary actions that are culturally embedded in spectator sport.

在这项研究中，我们进行了两项研究来验证粉丝参与行为的多维尺度。在研究1中，我们通过系统回顾相关文献生成了调查项目，收集了职业棒球（n  = 319）和足球（n  = 301）球迷的数据，并为所组成的量表的构建和并发有效性提供了证据。六个维度。在研究 2 中，我们重新评估了职业棒球的结构效度 ( n  = 582)，发现球迷参与行为由提议的 6 个维度以及最终的 21 个项目列表来表示。此外，我们整个赛季的预测分析表明，球迷参与行为完全调节了预测变量（球队识别和球迷参与举措的意识）和结果变量（媒体观看频率、出席频率和繁荣程度）之间的关系。制定的量表增进了我们对球迷自愿行为的理解，这些行为在文化上融入了观赏性体育运动中。